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Progress in redox flow batteries, remaining challenges and their applications in energy storage

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TLDR
A comprehensive review of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications is provided in this paper, where the authors highlight the challenges and directions for further research.
Abstract
Redox flow batteries, which have been developed over the last 40 years, are used to store energy on the medium to large scale, particularly in applications such as load levelling, power quality control and facilitating renewable energy deployment. Various electrode materials and cell chemistries have been proposed; some of the successful systems have been demonstrated on a large-scale in the range of 10 kW–10 MW. Enhanced performance is attributable to the improvements in electrodes, separator materials and an increasing awareness of cell design. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications. Remaining challenges and directions for further research are highlighted.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Effects of Microwave Treatment on Carbon Electrode for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of microwave treatment on the carbon electrode for the vanadium redox flow battery are investigated under different microwave powers (0, 500, and 650) and the microwave-treated carbon electrode is about twice as large as the pristine carbon electrode in specific surface area, showing about 2.72, 4.46 and 4.63
Journal ArticleDOI

Steady-State Measurements of Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries to Study Particular Influences of Carbon Felt Properties

TL;DR: In this paper, the electrode-specific effects of raw and thermally oxidized (PAN and rayon-based) carbon felts on their electrochemical behavior at the negative and the positive electrode in all vanadium redox-flow batteries were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of carbon dioxide additive on the characteristics of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte for non-aqueous redox flow batteries

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of CO2 on physical and electrochemical properties of deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox couple were studied.
Patent

Non-aqueous redox flow batteries including 3,7-perfluoroalkylated phenothiazine derivatives

TL;DR: In this article, a non-aqueous redox flow battery includes a negative electrode immersed in a first nonaqueous liquid electrolyte solution, a positive electrode immersed with a second non-queous liquid-electrodes solution, and a semi-permeable separator interposed between the negative and positive electrodes.
Journal ArticleDOI

On Transferability of Performance Metrics for Redox-Active Molecules

TL;DR: A kinetic model allowing a narrower definition of cyclability by interpreting it through intrinsic parameters is suggested, and systematic data on cycling and calendar stabilities for dialkoxyarene ROMs in stationary cells is examined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Book

Handbook Of Batteries

David Linden
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the principles of operation and reactions factors affecting battery performance standardization of battery design selection and application of batteries, as well as a discussion of the differences between primary and secondary batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow batteries: a review

TL;DR: In this article, the components of RFBs with a focus on understanding the underlying physical processes are examined and various transport and kinetic phenomena are discussed along with the most common redox couples.
Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in Flow Battery Research and Development

TL;DR: Of the flow battery technologies that have been investigated, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has received the most attention and has shown most promise in various pre-commercial to commercial stationary applications to date, while new developments in hybrid redox fuel cells are promising to lead the way for future applications in mechanically and electrically "refuelable" electric vehicles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow cells for energy conversion

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared redox flow systems in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency, and charge-discharge behavior, and highlighted areas for further research.
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