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Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in redox flow batteries, remaining challenges and their applications in energy storage

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TLDR
A comprehensive review of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications is provided in this paper, where the authors highlight the challenges and directions for further research.
Abstract
Redox flow batteries, which have been developed over the last 40 years, are used to store energy on the medium to large scale, particularly in applications such as load levelling, power quality control and facilitating renewable energy deployment. Various electrode materials and cell chemistries have been proposed; some of the successful systems have been demonstrated on a large-scale in the range of 10 kW–10 MW. Enhanced performance is attributable to the improvements in electrodes, separator materials and an increasing awareness of cell design. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications. Remaining challenges and directions for further research are highlighted.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Mesoporous carbon derived from pomelo peel as a high-performance electrode material for zinc-bromine flow batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, a mesoporous carbon material for zinc-bromine flow batteries was developed by carbonizing pomelo peel impregnated with nickel salts followed by acid washing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Preparation of a cost-effective, scalable and energy efficient all-copper redox flow battery

TL;DR: In this article, a design for the all-copper redox flow battery based on readily available, cost-effective construction materials is presented, which results in a stack cost of between 70 and 300$/m2, with the electrolyte costing 60$/kWh.
Journal ArticleDOI

A novel iron-lead redox flow battery for large-scale energy storage

TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a novel redox flow battery that utilizes inexpensive and abundant Fe(II)/Fe(III) and Pb/Pb(II) redox couples as redox materials.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Book

Handbook Of Batteries

David Linden
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the principles of operation and reactions factors affecting battery performance standardization of battery design selection and application of batteries, as well as a discussion of the differences between primary and secondary batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow batteries: a review

TL;DR: In this article, the components of RFBs with a focus on understanding the underlying physical processes are examined and various transport and kinetic phenomena are discussed along with the most common redox couples.
Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in Flow Battery Research and Development

TL;DR: Of the flow battery technologies that have been investigated, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has received the most attention and has shown most promise in various pre-commercial to commercial stationary applications to date, while new developments in hybrid redox fuel cells are promising to lead the way for future applications in mechanically and electrically "refuelable" electric vehicles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow cells for energy conversion

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared redox flow systems in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency, and charge-discharge behavior, and highlighted areas for further research.
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