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Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in redox flow batteries, remaining challenges and their applications in energy storage

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TLDR
A comprehensive review of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications is provided in this paper, where the authors highlight the challenges and directions for further research.
Abstract
Redox flow batteries, which have been developed over the last 40 years, are used to store energy on the medium to large scale, particularly in applications such as load levelling, power quality control and facilitating renewable energy deployment. Various electrode materials and cell chemistries have been proposed; some of the successful systems have been demonstrated on a large-scale in the range of 10 kW–10 MW. Enhanced performance is attributable to the improvements in electrodes, separator materials and an increasing awareness of cell design. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications. Remaining challenges and directions for further research are highlighted.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Highly Ion Selective Proton Exchange Membrane Based on Sulfonated Polybenzimidazoles for Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Battery

TL;DR: In this paper , a series of sulfonated polybenzimidazoles with exactly controlled sulfonation degree (SD) (S-PBI-x, x refers to SD) are designed and synthesized via direct copolymerization from the sulfoneated monomer.
Dissertation

Proton and hydroxide crossover rates and ion conductivities of ion-exchange membranes for redox flow batteries

TL;DR: The choice for a particular ion-exchange membrane in the redox flow battery design should be made based on a trade-off between a high selectivity ( low crossover) and a high ion conductivity (low internal resistance).
Journal ArticleDOI

Battery and energy management system for vanadium redox flow battery: A critical review and recommendations

TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a critical review of the state-of-the-art vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) modelling techniques related to battery management system and energy management system operation.
Patent

Redox Flow Battery System Configuration For Minimizing Shunt Currents

Jay E. Sha, +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide configurations and systems for mitigating or substantially reducing shunt currents in common electrolyte conduits, where each string may include a plurality of reaction blocks connected in electrical series and in fluidic parallel.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Prototype of High-Performance Two-Electron Non-aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery Operated at -40 °C

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reported that very few of RFBs have been reported to use below -20 degrees C and that RFBs which can operate under subzero temperature are significant for applications in cold regions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Book

Handbook Of Batteries

David Linden
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the principles of operation and reactions factors affecting battery performance standardization of battery design selection and application of batteries, as well as a discussion of the differences between primary and secondary batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow batteries: a review

TL;DR: In this article, the components of RFBs with a focus on understanding the underlying physical processes are examined and various transport and kinetic phenomena are discussed along with the most common redox couples.
Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in Flow Battery Research and Development

TL;DR: Of the flow battery technologies that have been investigated, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has received the most attention and has shown most promise in various pre-commercial to commercial stationary applications to date, while new developments in hybrid redox fuel cells are promising to lead the way for future applications in mechanically and electrically "refuelable" electric vehicles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow cells for energy conversion

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared redox flow systems in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency, and charge-discharge behavior, and highlighted areas for further research.
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