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Progress in redox flow batteries, remaining challenges and their applications in energy storage

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TLDR
A comprehensive review of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications is provided in this paper, where the authors highlight the challenges and directions for further research.
Abstract
Redox flow batteries, which have been developed over the last 40 years, are used to store energy on the medium to large scale, particularly in applications such as load levelling, power quality control and facilitating renewable energy deployment. Various electrode materials and cell chemistries have been proposed; some of the successful systems have been demonstrated on a large-scale in the range of 10 kW–10 MW. Enhanced performance is attributable to the improvements in electrodes, separator materials and an increasing awareness of cell design. This comprehensive review provides a summary of the overall development of redox flow battery technology, including proposed chemistries, cell components and recent applications. Remaining challenges and directions for further research are highlighted.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Substituted thiadiazoles as energy-rich anolytes for nonaqueous redox flow cells

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined substituent effects on their properties of interest, including redox potentials, calendar lives of charged ROMs in electrolyte, and the flow cell cycling performance, indicating that in addition to slow reactions of charged species in the solvent bulk, there are other parasitic reactions that occur only during the electrochemical cycling of the cell and can dramatically affect the cycling lifetime.
Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical energy storage for renewable energy integration: zinc-air flow batteries

TL;DR: In this paper, a zinc-air flow battery has been built at Tecnicas Reunidas facilities, which is divided in three different stacks connected in parallel, each of them comprising 20 cells connected in series and 0.25 m3 of electrolyte.
Journal ArticleDOI

Balancing the specific surface area and mass diffusion property of electrospun carbon fibers to enhance the cell performance of vanadium redox flow battery

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used electrospun carbon fibers with different structural properties, including pore size and pore distribution, as the electrodes for vanadium redox flow battery.
Journal ArticleDOI

3D Graphene-Ni Foam as an Advanced Electrode for High-Performance Nonaqueous Redox Flow Batteries.

TL;DR: A nonaqueous RFB cell assembled with GMF electrodes exhibits high Coulombic and voltage efficiencies and can be maintained up to the 50th cycle without significant efficiency loss, suggesting that the 2D graphene sheets having lots of interdomain defects provide sufficient reaction sites and secure electric-conduction pathways.
Journal ArticleDOI

Polyphenylenes and the related copolymer membranes for electrochemical device applications

TL;DR: In this article, a review of polyphenylenes and their derivatives for use in cationic/anionic fuel cell (FC) and vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid

TL;DR: This review offers details of the technologies, in terms of needs, status, challenges and future R&d directions, that are expected to integrate significant levels of renewables into the electrical grid.
Book

Handbook Of Batteries

David Linden
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the principles of operation and reactions factors affecting battery performance standardization of battery design selection and application of batteries, as well as a discussion of the differences between primary and secondary batteries.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow batteries: a review

TL;DR: In this article, the components of RFBs with a focus on understanding the underlying physical processes are examined and various transport and kinetic phenomena are discussed along with the most common redox couples.
Journal ArticleDOI

Progress in Flow Battery Research and Development

TL;DR: Of the flow battery technologies that have been investigated, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has received the most attention and has shown most promise in various pre-commercial to commercial stationary applications to date, while new developments in hybrid redox fuel cells are promising to lead the way for future applications in mechanically and electrically "refuelable" electric vehicles.
Journal ArticleDOI

Redox flow cells for energy conversion

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared redox flow systems in the light of characteristics such as open circuit potential, power density, energy efficiency, and charge-discharge behavior, and highlighted areas for further research.
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