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Radiation Effects in Advanced and Emerging Nonvolatile Memories

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TLDR
In this paper, the material and device physics, fabrication, operational principles, and commercial status of scaled 2D flash, 3D flash and emerging memory technologies are discussed, including the physics of and errors caused by total ionizing dose, displacement damage, and single event effects.
Abstract
Despite hitting major roadblocks in 2-D scaling, NAND flash continues to scale in the vertical direction and dominate the commercial nonvolatile memory market. However, several emerging nonvolatile technologies are under development by major commercial foundries or are already in small volume production, motivated by storage-class memory and embedded application drivers. These include spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), resistive random access memory (ReRAM), phase change random access memory (PCRAM), and conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM). Emerging memories have improved resilience to radiation effects compared to flash, which is based on storing charge, and hence may offer an expanded selection from which radiation-tolerant system designers can choose from in the future. This review discusses the material and device physics, fabrication, operational principles, and commercial status of scaled 2-D flash, 3-D flash, and emerging memory technologies. Radiation effects relevant to each of these memories are described, including the physics of and errors caused by total ionizing dose, displacement damage, and single-event effects, with an eye toward the future role of emerging technologies in radiation environments.

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Journal ArticleDOI

A Review of Semiconductor Based Ionising Radiation Sensors Used in Harsh Radiation Environments and Their Applications

TL;DR: A review of semiconductor based ionising radiation sensors to measure accumulated dose and detect individual strikes of ionising particles and a comparison of the different methodologies while mentioning their advantages and limitations is performed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Architecture of Computing System based on Chiplet

TL;DR: This paper reviews the Chiplet-based computing system architectures, including computing architecture and memory architecture, and introduces the memory architecture based on mainstream memory and emerging non-volatile memory used for data storing and processing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ionization and Displacement Damage on Nanostructure of Spin–Orbit Torque Magnetic Tunnel Junction

TL;DR: In this paper , the ionization and displacement damage of in-plane magnetic anisotropy SOT-MTJ, including 1-MeV electron and 17.2-keV He irradiations with various fluences and doses, were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sub-10 fJ/bit radiation-hard nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory

TL;DR: In this paper , a nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory (NEM-NVM) with an ultra-low energy consumption and radiation-hardness is presented.
References
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Book

Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach

TL;DR: This best-selling title, considered for over a decade to be essential reading for every serious student and practitioner of computer design, has been updated throughout to address the most important trends facing computer designers today.
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Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications

TL;DR: Spintronics, or spin electronics, involves the study of active control and manipulation of spin degrees of freedom in solid-state systems as discussed by the authors, where the primary focus is on the basic physical principles underlying the generation of carrier spin polarization, spin dynamics, and spin-polarized transport.
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Current-driven excitation of magnetic multilayers

TL;DR: In this paper, a new mechanism was proposed for exciting the magnetic state of a ferromagnet, where a transfer of vectorial spin accompanied an electric current flowing perpendicular to two parallel magnetic films connected by a normal metallic spacer.
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Emission of spin waves by a magnetic multilayer traversed by a current.

TL;DR: In this paper, the interaction between spin waves and itinerant electrons is considerably enhanced in the vicinity of an interface between normal and ferromagnetic layers in metallic thin films, leading to a local increase of the Gilbert damping parameter which characterizes spin dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI

A perpendicular-anisotropy CoFeB–MgO magnetic tunnel junction

TL;DR: Inter interfacial perpendicular anisotropy between the ferromagnetic electrodes and the tunnel barrier of the MTJ is used by employing the material combination of CoFeB-MgO, a system widely adopted to produce a giant tunnel magnetoresistance ratio in MTJs with in-plane an isotropy.