Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy.
TLDR
In this paper, a number of issues concerning the extension of self-efficacy theory to memory functioning are discussed, such as the multidimensionality and measurement of perceived memory capabilities, the veridicality of memory self-appraisal, the efficacious exercise of personal control over memory functioning, the psychosocial processes by which people preserve a favorable sense of selfefficacy over the life span, and strategies for generalizing the impact of training in memory skills.Abstract:
The articles included in the special series in this issue of Developmental Psychology demonstrate that perceived self-efficacy for memory functioning is an important facet of metamemory. Self-beliefs of efficacy can enhance or impair performance through their effects on cognitive, affective, or motivational intervening processes. This commentary addresses a number of issues concerning the extension of self-efficacy theory to memory functioning. These include the following: the multidimensionality and measurement of perceived memory capabilities; the veridicality of memory self-appraisal; the efficacious exercise of personal control over memory functioning; the psychosocial processes by which people preserve a favorable sense of memory self-efficacy over the life span; and strategies for generalizing the impact of training in memory skills. Much of the research on perceived self-efficacy has focused on its role in the regulation of motivation, action, and affective arousal (Bandura, 1986; 1988a, 1988b, in press). More recently, research conducted within this conceptual framework has sought to clarify how perceived self-efficacy affects thinking processes, either as events of interest in their own right or as intervening influences of other aspects of psychosocial functioning. This research has begun to delineate the ways in which self-percepts of efficacy can enhance or impair the level of cognitive functioning (Bandura, in press). These cognitive effects take various forms.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sense of control under uncertainty depends on people's childhood environment: a life history theory approach
TL;DR: This article found that exposure to uncertainty led people from poorer childhoods to have a significantly lower sense of control than those from wealthier childhoods, and that perceptions of control statistically mediated the effect of uncertainty on impulsive behavior.
Book ChapterDOI
The evolution of inhibition mechanisms and their role in human cognition and behavior
TL;DR: It is proposed that in hominid phylogeny pressures related to intraspecific cooperation and competition led to enlargement of the neocortex, including connections between the prefrontal lobe and the limbic system, which afforded greater voluntary inhibitory control over sexual and aggressive behaviors, which led to improved social harmony.
Journal Article
Sense of Control Under Uncertainty Depends on People's Childhood Environment
TL;DR: Five experiments show that sense of control is a psychological driver of behaviors associated with fast and slow life history strategies, and discusses the implications of this for theory and future research, including that environmental uncertainty might lead people who grew up poor to quit challenging tasks sooner than people who growing up wealthy.
Journal ArticleDOI
"I care about nature, but ...": Disengaging values in assessing opportunities that cause harm
TL;DR: Some managers and entrepreneurs decide to act in ways that result in harm to the natural environment, despite the fact that such actions violate their own values as discussed by the authors. But they do not consider the consequences of their actions.
Journal ArticleDOI
DSM-V and the stigma of mental illness
TL;DR: How a clinical diagnosis may exacerbate these forms of stigma through socio-cognitive processes of groupness, homogeneity, and stability is illustrated.
References
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Book
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping, which have become major themes of theory and investigation in psychology.
Social Foundations of Thought and Action : A Social Cognitive Theory
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management
Robert E. Wood,Albert Bandura +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze organizational functioning from the perspective of social cognitive theory, which explains psychosocial functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation, and apply it in a series of experiments of complex managerial decision-making.
Journal ArticleDOI
Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980.
TL;DR: A review of both laboratory and field studies on the effect of setting goals when learning or performing a task found that specific, challenging goals led more often to higher performance than easy goals, 'do your best' goals or no goals as discussed by the authors.