Journal ArticleDOI
Regulation of cognitive processes through perceived self-efficacy.
TLDR
In this paper, a number of issues concerning the extension of self-efficacy theory to memory functioning are discussed, such as the multidimensionality and measurement of perceived memory capabilities, the veridicality of memory self-appraisal, the efficacious exercise of personal control over memory functioning, the psychosocial processes by which people preserve a favorable sense of selfefficacy over the life span, and strategies for generalizing the impact of training in memory skills.Abstract:
The articles included in the special series in this issue of Developmental Psychology demonstrate that perceived self-efficacy for memory functioning is an important facet of metamemory. Self-beliefs of efficacy can enhance or impair performance through their effects on cognitive, affective, or motivational intervening processes. This commentary addresses a number of issues concerning the extension of self-efficacy theory to memory functioning. These include the following: the multidimensionality and measurement of perceived memory capabilities; the veridicality of memory self-appraisal; the efficacious exercise of personal control over memory functioning; the psychosocial processes by which people preserve a favorable sense of memory self-efficacy over the life span; and strategies for generalizing the impact of training in memory skills. Much of the research on perceived self-efficacy has focused on its role in the regulation of motivation, action, and affective arousal (Bandura, 1986; 1988a, 1988b, in press). More recently, research conducted within this conceptual framework has sought to clarify how perceived self-efficacy affects thinking processes, either as events of interest in their own right or as intervening influences of other aspects of psychosocial functioning. This research has begun to delineate the ways in which self-percepts of efficacy can enhance or impair the level of cognitive functioning (Bandura, in press). These cognitive effects take various forms.read more
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Parental and child cognitions in the context of the family.
TL;DR: Parent and child family-related cognitions are reviewed with respect to their origins, their linkage to affect and behavior, their transmission and perpetuation, their alteration on the basis of first-hand experience, and their collaborative negotiation and renegotiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Michelle E. Kelly,David G. Loughrey,Brian A. Lawlor,Ian H. Robertson,Cathal Walsh,Sabina Brennan +5 more
TL;DR: Cognitive training improved performance on measures of executive function, working memory, and composite measures of cognitive function and memory and subjective cognitive performance might be improved by training in group versus individual settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asian Americans' career choices: A path model to examine factors influencing their career choices.
TL;DR: This paper investigated factors that might influence Asian Americans' career choices and tested Lent et al.'s model to investigate the relationships among the predicting variables and the outcome variable (career choice) for 187 college students.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hearing loss and cognition: the role of hearing AIDS, social isolation and depression.
Piers Dawes,Richard Emsley,Karen J. Cruickshanks,David R. Moore,Heather Fortnum,Mark Edmondson-Jones,Abby McCormack,Kevin J. Munro +7 more
TL;DR: Hearing aid use was associated with better cognition, independently of social isolation and depression, consistent with the hypothesis that hearing aids may improve cognitive performance, although if hearing aids do have a positive effect on cognition it is not likely to be via reduction of the adverse effects of hearing loss on social isolation or depression.
References
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Book
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping, which have become major themes of theory and investigation in psychology.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social Cognitive Theory of Organizational Management
Robert E. Wood,Albert Bandura +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyze organizational functioning from the perspective of social cognitive theory, which explains psychosocial functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation, and apply it in a series of experiments of complex managerial decision-making.
Journal ArticleDOI
Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980.
TL;DR: A review of both laboratory and field studies on the effect of setting goals when learning or performing a task found that specific, challenging goals led more often to higher performance than easy goals, 'do your best' goals or no goals as discussed by the authors.