Regulation of flagellar motility during biofilm formation
TLDR
The regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia is reviewed, and it is concluded that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps.Abstract:
Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm over solid surfaces by synthesizing rotary flagella The same bacteria that are motile also commonly form nonmotile multicellular aggregates called biofilms Biofilms are an important part of the lifestyle of pathogenic bacteria, and it is assumed that there is a motility-to-biofilm transition wherein the inhibition of motility promotes biofilm formation The transition is largely inferred from regulatory mutants that reveal the opposite regulation of the two phenotypes Here, we review the regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia, and we conclude that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps In the short term, flagella are functionally regulated to either inhibit rotation or modulate the basal flagellar reversal frequency Over the long term, flagellar gene transcription is inhibited and in the absence of de novo synthesis, flagella are diluted to extinction through growth Both short-term and long-term motility inhibition is likely important to stabilize cell aggregates and optimize resource investment We emphasize the newly discovered flagellar functional regulators and speculate that others await discovery in the context of biofilm formationread more
Citations
More filters
Controlling Pseudomonas aeruginosa Persister Cells by Human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
TL;DR: The findings from this study suggest that cytokines have a direct interaction with bacterial cells and disturb their persistence and are helpful for understanding bacterial physiology and for developing new persistence control methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure-Function Analysis of the Periplasmic Escherichia coli Cyclophilin PpiA in Relation to Biofilm Formation
Aggeliki Skagia,Eleni Vezyri,Konstantinos Grados,Anastasia Venieraki,Michael Karpusas,Panagiotis Katinakis,Maria Dimou +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the ΔppiA deletion strain from Escherichia coli exhibits an increased ability for biofilm formation and enhanced swimming motility compared to the wild-type strain and it is shown that the negative effect of PpiA onBiofilm formation is not dependent on its PPIase activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Expression and function of the cdgD gene, encoding a CHASE-PAS-DGC-EAL domain protein, in Azospirillum brasilense.
José Francisco Cruz-Pérez,Roxana Lara-Oueilhe,Cynthia Marcos-Jiménez,Ricardo Cuatlayotl-Olarte,Maria Luisa Xiqui-Vazquez,Sandra Reyes-Carmona,Beatriz E. Baca,Alberto Ramírez-Mata +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the function and expression of the cdgD gene, encoding a multidomain protein that includes GGDEF-EAL domains and CHASE and PAS domains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differentiation of otitis media-causing bacteria and biofilms via Raman spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography
Andrea K. Locke,Farzana Zaki,Seán Fitzgerald,Kavya Sudhir,Guillermo L. Monroy,Honggu Choi,Jungeun Won,Anita Mahadevan-Jansen,Stephen A. Boppart +8 more
TL;DR: This study showed that RS was able to identify key biochemical variations to differentiate all four OM-causing bacteria, and biochemical spectral changes (RS) and differences in the mean attenuation coefficient (OCT) were able to distinguish the growth environment for each bacterial species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple copies of flhDC in Paraburkholderia unamae regulate flagellar gene expression, motility, and biofilm formation
Shelley Thai,Michelle R. Lum,Jeanine Naegle,Michael Onofre,Hassan Abdulla,Allison Garcia,Andreh Fiterz,Ashley Arnell,Thuthiri T. Lwin,Aaron Kavanaugh,Zade Hikmat,Nora Garabedian,Ryan Toan Ngo,Brenda Dimaya,Adan Escamilla,Luiza Barseghyan,Maria Shibatsuji,Salma Soltani,Luke Butcher,Firas Hikmat,Dro Amirian,Artin Bazikyan,Nathan Brandt,Mary Sarkisian,Xavier Munoz,Andrew Ovakimyan,Emily Burnett,Jennifer Ngoc Pham,Ania Shirvanian,Roberto A. Hernández,Maria Vardapetyan,Matthew Wada,Cuauhtemoc Ramirez,Martin Zakarian,Fabrizio Billi +34 more
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of multiple flhDC operons in Paraburkholderia unamae was found to play a major role in flagellar gene regulation.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The biofilm matrix
TL;DR: The functions, properties and constituents of the EPS matrix that make biofilms the most successful forms of life on earth are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.
TL;DR: It is evident that biofilm formation is an ancient and integral component of the prokaryotic life cycle, and is a key factor for survival in diverse environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biofilm Formation as Microbial Development
TL;DR: The results reviewed in this article indicate that the formation of biofilms serves as a new model system for the study of microbial development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development
George A. O'Toole,Roberto Kolter +1 more
TL;DR: The isolation and characterization of mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 defective in the initiation of biofilm formation on an abiotic surface, polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic are reported and evidence that microcolonies form by aggregation of cells present in the monolayer is presented.
Related Papers (5)
Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development
George A. O'Toole,Roberto Kolter +1 more
Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli biofilm formation: roles of flagella, motility, chemotaxis and type I pili
Leslie A. Pratt,Roberto Kolter +1 more