Regulation of flagellar motility during biofilm formation
TLDR
The regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia is reviewed, and it is concluded that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps.Abstract:
Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm over solid surfaces by synthesizing rotary flagella The same bacteria that are motile also commonly form nonmotile multicellular aggregates called biofilms Biofilms are an important part of the lifestyle of pathogenic bacteria, and it is assumed that there is a motility-to-biofilm transition wherein the inhibition of motility promotes biofilm formation The transition is largely inferred from regulatory mutants that reveal the opposite regulation of the two phenotypes Here, we review the regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia, and we conclude that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps In the short term, flagella are functionally regulated to either inhibit rotation or modulate the basal flagellar reversal frequency Over the long term, flagellar gene transcription is inhibited and in the absence of de novo synthesis, flagella are diluted to extinction through growth Both short-term and long-term motility inhibition is likely important to stabilize cell aggregates and optimize resource investment We emphasize the newly discovered flagellar functional regulators and speculate that others await discovery in the context of biofilm formationread more
Citations
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Estimation of the adhesive force distribution for the flagellar adhesion of Escherichia coli on a glass surface.
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TL;DR: Results indicated that theFlagella and the flagellar motility inhibited the cell detachment from the glass substratum, and a large external force would likely be required to inhibit the microbial adhesion in the early stage of the biofilm formation.
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CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of qseB induced asynchrony between motility and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli
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Inhibition of Protein Secretion in Escherichia coli and Sub-MIC Effects of Arylomycin Antibiotics.
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The Helicobacter pylori biofilm involves a multi-gene stress-biased response including a structural role for flagella
TL;DR: Data from comparative transcriptomic analysis supports a model in which H. pylori biofilm involves a multi-gene stress-biased response, and that flagella play an important role in H.pyloriBiofilm formation, as well as the biofilm structure itself and the genes associated with this mode of growth.
References
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The biofilm matrix
TL;DR: The functions, properties and constituents of the EPS matrix that make biofilms the most successful forms of life on earth are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.
TL;DR: It is evident that biofilm formation is an ancient and integral component of the prokaryotic life cycle, and is a key factor for survival in diverse environments.
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Biofilm Formation as Microbial Development
TL;DR: The results reviewed in this article indicate that the formation of biofilms serves as a new model system for the study of microbial development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development
George A. O'Toole,Roberto Kolter +1 more
TL;DR: The isolation and characterization of mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 defective in the initiation of biofilm formation on an abiotic surface, polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic are reported and evidence that microcolonies form by aggregation of cells present in the monolayer is presented.
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