Regulation of flagellar motility during biofilm formation
TLDR
The regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia is reviewed, and it is concluded that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps.Abstract:
Many bacteria swim in liquid or swarm over solid surfaces by synthesizing rotary flagella The same bacteria that are motile also commonly form nonmotile multicellular aggregates called biofilms Biofilms are an important part of the lifestyle of pathogenic bacteria, and it is assumed that there is a motility-to-biofilm transition wherein the inhibition of motility promotes biofilm formation The transition is largely inferred from regulatory mutants that reveal the opposite regulation of the two phenotypes Here, we review the regulation of motility during biofilm formation in Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Escherichia, and we conclude that the motility-to-biofilm transition, if necessary, likely involves two steps In the short term, flagella are functionally regulated to either inhibit rotation or modulate the basal flagellar reversal frequency Over the long term, flagellar gene transcription is inhibited and in the absence of de novo synthesis, flagella are diluted to extinction through growth Both short-term and long-term motility inhibition is likely important to stabilize cell aggregates and optimize resource investment We emphasize the newly discovered flagellar functional regulators and speculate that others await discovery in the context of biofilm formationread more
Citations
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Oxidative stress under low oxygen conditions triggers hyperflagellation and motility in the Antarctic bacterium Pseudomonas extremaustralis.
Esmeralda C. Solar Venero,Martiniano M. Ricardi,María Gómez-Lozano,Søren Molin,Paula M. Tribelli,Paula M. Tribelli,Nancy I. López,Nancy I. López +7 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that a higher motile behavior and augmented capacity to form biofilm structures could work in addition to well-known antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic ROS scavenging mechanisms to cope with oxidative stress at low oxygen tensions.
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Structural and functional characterization of the globin-coupled sensors of Azotobacter vinelandii and Bordetella pertussis
Francesca Germani,Marco Nardini,Amy De Schutter,Bert Cuypers,Herald Berghmans,Marie-Louise Van Hauwaert,Stefano Bruno,Andrea Mozzarelli,Luc Moens,Sabine Van Doorslaer,Martino Bolognesi,Alessandra Pesce,Sylvia Dewilde +12 more
TL;DR: AvGReg and BpeGreg conform to the GCS family, share a similar overall structure but they have different properties in terms of the ligand binding, in particular, AvGreg shows an open and closed conformation that in the latter form will very tightly bind oxygen.
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Biofilm formed by Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113 on root surface mitigates the toxicity of bensulfuron-methyl residues to maize
TL;DR: In this article , a BSM-degrading bacterium, Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113, colonized maize roots by forming a biofilm.
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Multiple CheY Proteins Control Surface-Associated Lifestyles of Azospirillum brasilense
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of CheY homologs in swarming and attachment to abiotic and biotic (wheat roots) surfaces and biofilm formation was investigated in Azospirillum brasilense.
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Deteriorated biofilm-forming capacity and electroactivity of Shewanella oneidnsis MR-1 induced by insertion sequence (IS) elements.
TL;DR: It is found that the insertion of an ISSod2 element into the flrA (encoding the master regulator for flagella synthesis and assembly) of MR-1 resulted in the non-motile and biofilm-deficient phenotypes in NMM cells.
References
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TL;DR: The results reviewed in this article indicate that the formation of biofilms serves as a new model system for the study of microbial development.
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Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development
George A. O'Toole,Roberto Kolter +1 more
TL;DR: The isolation and characterization of mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 defective in the initiation of biofilm formation on an abiotic surface, polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic are reported and evidence that microcolonies form by aggregation of cells present in the monolayer is presented.
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