Journal ArticleDOI
Residual stress. Part 1 – Measurement techniques
TLDR
In this paper, the effect of residual stresses on fatigue lifetimes and structural integrity are first summarised, followed by the definition and measurement of residual stress, which are characterised according to the characteristic length scale over which they self-equilibrate.Abstract:
Residual stress is that which remains in a body that is stationary and at equilibrium with its surroundings. It can be very detrimental to the performance of a material or the life of a component. Alternatively, beneficial residual stresses can be introduced deliberately. Residual stresses are more difficult to predict than the in-service stresses on which they superimpose. For this reason, it is important to have reliable methods for the measurement of these stresses and to understand the level of information they can provide. In this paper, which is the first part of a two part overview, the effect of residual stresses on fatigue lifetimes and structural integrity are first summarised, followed by the definition and measurement of residual stresses. Different types of stress are characterised according to the characteristic length scale over which they self-equilibrate. By comparing this length to the gauge volume of each technique, the capability of a range of techniques is assessed. In the sec...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phase transformations and induced volume changes in a nitrided ternary Fe–3%Cr–0.345%C alloy
TL;DR: In this paper, phase transformations during nitriding of a ternary carbon iron-based alloy Fe 3%Cr 0.345%C were studied, aiming at a better understanding of residual stresses generation and evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical comparison of two independent measurements of residual stress in an electron-beam welded uranium cylinder: Neutron diffraction and the contour method
Donald W. Brown,T.M. Holden,Bjørn Clausen,Michael B. Prime,Thomas A. Sisneros,H. Swenson,J. Vaja +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the stresses associated with an electron-beam, circumferential, partial penetration weld of a uranium tube were assessed using diffraction and contour method measurements, and high tensile hoop stresses (∼300 MPa) were found in the center of the weld close to the outside diameter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stainless steel weld metal designed to mitigate residual stresses
TL;DR: In this paper, alloy design methods have been used to create a stainless steel welding consumable which solidifies as δ ferrite, transforms almost entirely into austenite which then undergoes martensitic transformation at a low temperature of about 220°C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Directional and oscillating residual stress on the mesoscale in additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Maria Strantza,Maria Strantza,Bey Vrancken,Bey Vrancken,Michael B. Prime,Christopher E Truman,Marleen Rombouts,Donald W. Brown,Patrick Guillaume,D. Van Hemelrijck +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the mesoscale residual stress distributions across several layers in Ti-6Al-4V components produced by laser metal deposition process were investigated with the incremental center hole drilling and incremental slitting methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microstructural and tribological characterisation of a nitriding/TiAlN PVD coating duplex treatment applied to M2 High Speed Steel tools
A.F. Rousseau,Jim G. Partridge,Edwin L. H. Mayes,J.T. Toton,M. Kracica,Dougal G. McCulloch,E.D. Doyle +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a duplex nitriding and TiAlN coating process performed with no break in vacuum in an industrial scale deposition chamber was described, which resulted in a fracture-tough diffusion zone with no evidence of either a compound layer or grain boundary precipitation.
References
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Book
Elements of X-ray diffraction
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a chemical analysis of X-ray diffraction by Xray Spectrometry and phase-diagram Determination of single crystal structures and phase diagrams.
Book
Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology
K. H. Jürgen Buschow,Robert W. Cahn,Merton C. Flemings,Bernhard Ilschner,Edward J. Kramer,Subhash Mahajan +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental core theory of functional properties and properties of materials are discussed. But the authors focus on the physical properties of thin films and artificial multilayers, rather than the structural properties of the materials themselves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Residual stress. Part 2 – Nature and origins
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the nature and origins of residual stresses across a range of scales, from the long range residual stress fields in engineering components and welded structures, through the interphase stresses present in composites and coatings, to the microscale interactions of phase transformations with local stresses.
Book
Handbook of Measurement of Residual Stresses
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a sequence of residual stress measurements made to determine a Handbook on Stiffness & Damping in Mechanical Design, which can be used to compare different methods of measuring residual stress.