Journal ArticleDOI
Rho GTPases: Biochemistry and Biology
Aron B. Jaffe,Alan Hall +1 more
TLDR
This review presents the best characterized of these biochemical pathways that control some of the most fundamental processes of cell biology common to all eukaryotes, including morphogenesis, polarity, movement, and cell division.Abstract:
Approximately one percent of the human genome encodes proteins that either regulate or are regulated by direct interaction with members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Through a series of complex biochemical networks, these highly conserved molecular switches control some of the most fundamental processes of cell biology common to all eukaryotes, including morphogenesis, polarity, movement, and cell division. In the first part of this review, we present the best characterized of these biochemical pathways; in the second part, we attempt to integrate these molecular details into a biological context.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A landscape of driver mutations in melanoma
Eran Hodis,Ian R. Watson,Ian R. Watson,Gregory V. Kryukov,Gregory V. Kryukov,Gregory V. Kryukov,Stefan T. Arold,Marcin Imielinski,Jean Philippe Theurillat,Elizabeth Nickerson,Daniel Auclair,Liren Li,Liren Li,Chelsea S. Place,Daniel DiCara,Alex H. Ramos,Alex H. Ramos,Michael S. Lawrence,Kristian Cibulskis,Andrey Sivachenko,Douglas Voet,Gordon Saksena,Nicolas Stransky,Robert C. Onofrio,Wendy Winckler,Kristin G. Ardlie,Nikhil Wagle,Nikhil Wagle,Jennifer A. Wargo,Kelly Chong,Donald L. Morton,Katherine Stemke-Hale,Guo Chen,Michael S. Noble,Matthew Meyerson,John E. Ladbury,Michael A. Davies,Jeffrey E. Gershenwald,Stephan N. Wagner,Dave S.B. Hoon,Dirk Schadendorf,Eric S. Lander,Eric S. Lander,Stacey Gabriel,Gad Getz,Levi A. Garraway,Lynda Chin +46 more
TL;DR: The spectrum of driver mutations provided unequivocal genomic evidence for a direct mutagenic role of UV light in melanoma pathogenesis, providing oncogenic insights in BRAF- and NRAS-driven melanoma as well as those without known NRAS/BRAF mutations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cell adhesion: integrating cytoskeletal dynamics and cellular tension
TL;DR: Adhesion formation and disassembly drive the migration cycle by activating Rho GTPases, which in turn regulate actin polymerization and myosin II activity, and therefore adhesion dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies.
Sarah J. Heasman,Anne J. Ridley +1 more
TL;DR: The recent availability of knockout mice for several members of the Rho family reveals new information about their roles in signalling to the cytoskeleton and in development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hippo Pathway in Organ Size Control, Tissue Homeostasis, and Cancer.
TL;DR: The Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stemness in response to a wide range of extracellular and intracellular signals, including cell-cell contact, cell polarity, mechanical cues, ligands of G-protein-coupled receptors, and cellular energy status.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-Smad pathways in TGF-β signaling
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of non-Smad pathways, and functions of these non- Smad pathways are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cell migration: integrating signals from front to back.
Anne J. Ridley,Martin A. Schwartz,Keith Burridge,Richard A. Firtel,Mark H. Ginsberg,Gary G. Borisy,J. Thomas Parsons,Alan Rick Horwitz +7 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying the major steps of migration and the signaling pathways that regulate them are described, and recent advances investigating the nature of polarity in migrating cells and the pathways that establish it are outlined.
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Rho GTPases in cell biology.
TL;DR: Rho GTPases are molecular switches that control a wide variety of signal transduction pathways in all eukaryotic cells and their ability to influence cell polarity, microtubule dynamics, membrane transport pathways and transcription factor activity is probably just as significant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular Motility Driven by Assembly and Disassembly of Actin Filaments
Thomas D. Pollard,Gary G. Borisy +1 more
TL;DR: A core set of proteins including actin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, capping protein, and ADF/cofilin can reconstitute the process in vitro, and mathematical models of the constituent reactions predict the rate of motion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rho GTPases and their effector proteins.
Anne L. Bishop,Alan Hall +1 more
TL;DR: The main focus of this review will be Rho, Rac and Cdc42, the three best characterized mammalian Rho GTPases, though the genetic analysis of RhoGTPases in lower eukaryotes is making increasingly important contributions to this field.
Journal ArticleDOI
ROCKs: multifunctional kinases in cell behaviour
TL;DR: Recent experiments have defined new functions of ROCKs in cells, including centrosome positioning and cell-size regulation, which might contribute to various physiological and pathological states.
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