Journal ArticleDOI
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: biology and molecular traits of a cosmopolitan pathogen.
TLDR
This review summarizes current knowledge of mechanisms employed by the fungus to parasitize its host with emphasis on biology, physiology and molecular aspects of pathogenicity.Abstract:
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing disease in a wide range of plants. This review summarizes current knowledge of mechanisms employed by the fungus to parasitize its host with emphasis on biology, physiology and molecular aspects of pathogenicity. In addition, current tools for research and strategies to combat S. sclerotiorum are discussed. Taxonomy: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary: kingdom Fungi, phylum Ascomycota, class Discomycetes, order Helotiales, family Sclerotiniaceae, genus Sclerotinia. Identification: Hyphae are hyaline, septate, branched and multinucleate. Mycelium may appear white to tan in culture and in planta. No asexual conidia are produced. Long-term survival is mediated through the sclerotium; a pigmented, multi-hyphal structure that can remain viable over long periods of time under unfavourable conditions for growth. Sclerotia can germinate to produce mycelia or apothecia depending on environmental conditions. Apothecia produce ascospores, which are the primary means of infection in most host plants. Host range: S. sclerotiorum is capable of colonizing over 400 plant species found worldwide. The majority of these species are dicotyledonous, although a number of agriculturally significant monocotyledonous plants are also hosts. Disease symptoms: Leaves usually have water-soaked lesions that expand rapidly and move down the petiole into the stem. Infected stems of some species will first develop dark lesions whereas the initial indication in other hosts is the appearance of water-soaked stem lesions. Lesions usually develop into necrotic tissues that subsequently develop patches of fluffy white mycelium, often with sclerotia, which is the most obvious sign of plants infected with S. sclerotiorum.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea
Joelle Amselem,Christina A. Cuomo,Jan A. L. van Kan,Muriel Viaud,Ernesto P. Benito,Arnaud Couloux,Pedro M. Coutinho,Ronald P. de Vries,Paul S. Dyer,Sabine Fillinger,Elisabeth Fournier,Elisabeth Fournier,Lilian Gout,Matthias Hahn,Linda M. Kohn,Nicolas Lapalu,Kim M. Plummer,Jean-Marc Pradier,Emmanuel Quévillon,Emmanuel Quévillon,Amir Sharon,Adeline Simon,Arjen ten Have,Bettina Tudzynski,Paul Tudzynski,Patrick Wincker,Marion Andrew,Véronique Anthouard,Ross E. Beever,Rolland Beffa,Isabelle Benoit,Ourdia Bouzid,Baptiste Brault,Zehua Chen,Mathias Choquer,Mathias Choquer,Jérôme Collemare,Jérôme Collemare,Pascale Cotton,Etienne Danchin,Corinne Da Silva,Angélique Gautier,Corinne Giraud,Tatiana Giraud,Celedonio González,Sandrine Grossetete,Ulrich Güldener,Bernard Henrissat,Barbara J. Howlett,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Matthias Kretschmer,Anne Lappartient,Michaela Leroch,Caroline Levis,Evan Mauceli,Cécile Neuvéglise,Birgitt Oeser,Matthew D. Pearson,Julie Poulain,Nathalie Poussereau,Hadi Quesneville,Christine Rascle,Julia Schumacher,Béatrice Segurens,Adrienne Sexton,Evelyn Silva,Catherine Sirven,Darren M. Soanes,Nicholas J. Talbot,Matthew D. Templeton,Chandri Yandava,Oded Yarden,Qiandong Zeng,Jeffrey A. Rollins,Marc-Henri Lebrun,Marc-Henri Lebrun,Marty Dickman +76 more
TL;DR: Comparative genome analysis revealed the basis of differing sexual mating compatibility systems between S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, and shed light on the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of the genetically complex traits of necrotrophic pathogenicity and sexual mating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology and molecular aspects of Verticillium wilt diseases caused by V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum.
TL;DR: Although genetic resistance has been described in several plant species, only one resistance locus against Verticillium has been cloned to date and the molecular processes underlying this physiology remain largely unknown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Licensed to kill: the lifestyle of a necrotrophic plant pathogen
TL;DR: Targeted mutagenesis studies are unraveling the roles played in the infection process by a variety of B. cinerea genes that are required for penetration, host cell killing, plant tissue decomposition or signaling.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Posidonia oceanica cadmium induces changes in DNA methylation and chromatin patterning
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase, linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tipping the balance: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum secreted oxalic acid suppresses host defenses by manipulating the host redox environment.
TL;DR: Sclerotinia uses a novel strategy involving regulation of host redox status to establish infection and addresses a long-standing issue involving the ability of OA to both inhibit and promote ROS to achieve pathogenic success.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative burst: an early plant response to pathogen infection
TL;DR: The chemistry of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) is described and the role of ROS in defence responses is demonstrated, and some important issues are considered, such as: which of the ROS is a major building element of the oxidative burst.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Hypersensitive Response Facilitates Plant Infection by the Necrotrophic Pathogen Botrytis Cinerea
Eri M Govrin,Alex Levine +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, although hypersensitive cell death is efficient against biotrophic pathogens, it does not protect plants against infection by the necrotrophic pathogens B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum.
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Genomic Analysis of the Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea
Joelle Amselem,Christina A. Cuomo,Jan A. L. van Kan,Muriel Viaud,Ernesto P. Benito,Arnaud Couloux,Pedro M. Coutinho,Ronald P. de Vries,Paul S. Dyer,Sabine Fillinger,Elisabeth Fournier,Elisabeth Fournier,Lilian Gout,Matthias Hahn,Linda M. Kohn,Nicolas Lapalu,Kim M. Plummer,Jean-Marc Pradier,Emmanuel Quévillon,Emmanuel Quévillon,Amir Sharon,Adeline Simon,Arjen ten Have,Bettina Tudzynski,Paul Tudzynski,Patrick Wincker,Marion Andrew,Véronique Anthouard,Ross E. Beever,Rolland Beffa,Isabelle Benoit,Ourdia Bouzid,Baptiste Brault,Zehua Chen,Mathias Choquer,Mathias Choquer,Jérôme Collemare,Jérôme Collemare,Pascale Cotton,Etienne Danchin,Corinne Da Silva,Angélique Gautier,Corinne Giraud,Tatiana Giraud,Celedonio González,Sandrine Grossetete,Ulrich Güldener,Bernard Henrissat,Barbara J. Howlett,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Matthias Kretschmer,Anne Lappartient,Michaela Leroch,Caroline Levis,Evan Mauceli,Cécile Neuvéglise,Birgitt Oeser,Matthew D. Pearson,Julie Poulain,Nathalie Poussereau,Hadi Quesneville,Christine Rascle,Julia Schumacher,Béatrice Segurens,Adrienne Sexton,Evelyn Silva,Catherine Sirven,Darren M. Soanes,Nicholas J. Talbot,Matthew D. Templeton,Chandri Yandava,Oded Yarden,Qiandong Zeng,Jeffrey A. Rollins,Marc-Henri Lebrun,Marc-Henri Lebrun,Marty Dickman +76 more