Journal ArticleDOI
Sex-Specific Genetic Admixture of Mestizos, Amerindian Kichwas, and Afro-Ecuadorans from Ecuador
Fabricio González-Andrade,Dora Sánchez,Jorge González-Solórzano,Santiago Gascón,Begoña Martínez-Jarreta +4 more
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TLDR
Three main ethnic groups live in the South American country of Ecuador: Mestizos, Amerindian natives, and African-derived populations, or Afro-Ecuadorans, and Y-chromosome short tandem repeats in these three ethnic groups were typed to provide adequate allele and haplotype frequencies and to quantify admixture proportions in male lineages.Abstract:
Three main ethnic groups live in the South American country of Ecuador: Mestizos, Amerindian natives, and African-derived populations, or Afro-Ecuadorans. Mestizos and Afro-Ecuadorans can be considered trihybrid populations containing genes originating in the Americas, Europe, and Africa, as is the case with equivalent populations in other Latin American countries. The proportion and the dynamics of the admixture process remain unknown. However, a certain sex asymmetry of the admixture process can be expected for historical reasons. We typed 11 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) in these three ethnic groups to provide adequate allele and haplotype frequencies for forensic genetic purposes and to quantify admixture proportions in male lineages. In addition, a data set of 15 autosomal STRs in the same samples were reanalyzed for the same purpose. Contributions to Mestizo Y chromosomes were estimated to be 70% European, 28% Amerindian, and 2% African, whereas in autosomes the contributions were 19%, 73%, and 8%, respectively, which underlines the sexual asymmetry in mating, with Europeans contributing mostly males. European Y-chromosome haplotypes in Mestizos were similar to those in Spain. Moreover, about 10% of European Y chromosomes were found in the Amerindian Kichwa. As for Afro-Ecuadorans, their contributions to the male line are 44% African, 31% European, and 15% Native American; the last value is the highest percentage reported so far for an African-derived American group. Autosomal admixture was estimated as 56% African, 16% European, and 28% Amerindian.read more
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The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans across the United States
Katarzyna Bryc,Eric Durand,J. Michael Macpherson,David Reich,David Reich,David Reich,Joanna L. Mountain +6 more
TL;DR: The authors studied the genetic ancestry of 5,269 self-described African Americans, 8,663 Latinos, and 148,789 European Americans who are 23andMe customers and showed that the legacy of these historical interactions is visible in the genetic lineage of present-day Americans.
"The Genetic Ancestry of African Americans, Latinos, and European Americans Across the United States" data files
TL;DR: It is shown that regional ancestry differences reflect historical events, such as early Spanish colonization, waves of immigration from many regions of Europe, and forced relocation of Native Americans within the US, which informs the understanding of the relationship between racial and ethnic identities and genetic ancestry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among Hispanic/Latino populations
Katarzyna Bryc,Christopher Velez,Tatiana M. Karafet,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Andrés Moreno-Estrada,Andrew R. Reynolds,Adam Auton,Adam Auton,Michael F. Hammer,Carlos Bustamante,Carlos Bustamante,Harry Ostrer +11 more
TL;DR: The results suggest future genome-wide association scans in Hispanic/Latino populations may require correction for local genomic ancestry at a subcontinental scale when associating differences in the genome with disease risk, progression, and drug efficacy, as well as for admixture mapping.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interethnic admixture and the evolution of Latin American populations
Francisco M. Salzano,Mónica Sans +1 more
TL;DR: A systematic review of the data from molecular autosomal assessments of the ethnic/continental ancestries for 24 Latin American countries or territories provides a general picture of the present constitution of these populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
mtDNA and Y-chromosome diversity in Aymaras and Quechuas from Bolivia: Different stories and special genetic traits of the Andean Altiplano populations
Magdalena Gayà-Vidal,Pedro Moral,Nancy Saenz-Ruales,Pascale Gerbault,Laure Tonasso,Mercedes Villena,René Vasquez,Claudio M. Bravi,Jean-Michel Dugoujon +8 more
TL;DR: Particular genetic characteristics presented by both samples support a past common origin of the Altiplano populations in the ancient Aymara territory, with independent, although related histories, with Peruvian (Quechuas) populations.
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