Open AccessJournal Article
Studies on Prostatic Cancer. I. The Effect of Castration, of Estrogen and of Androgen Injection on Serum Phosphatases in Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It is demonstrated that a marked rise in acid phosphatase in serum is associated with the appearance or spread of roentgenologically demonstrable skeletal metastases and implies dissemination of the primary tumor and thus is of unfavorable prognostic significance.Abstract:
Carcinoma of the prostate gland is peculiarly favorable for endocrine investigation since frequent serial observations of the activity of phosphatases in serum were found to provide objective indices of activity of the neo/~i~m when the enzymes were increased in amount above normal. In the present paper data are given for the values of serum phosphatases in carcinoma of the prostate and in normal men. We shall demonstrate that the acid phosphatase of serum is reduced in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate by decreasing the activity of androgens through castration or estrogenic injections and that this enzyme is increased by injecting androgens. We have been unable to find previous observations indicating any relationship of hormones to carcinoma of the prostate gland. An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing phosphoric esters was discovered by Grosser and Husler (4) in intestinal mucosa and kidney. Robison (16) found that this enzyme was particularly high in activity in growing bone and cartilage and that its activity was greatest at pH 9 to 9.5. This ~alkaline phosphatase," was found by Kay (9) to be increased in the serum in certain bone diseases including metastasis of neoplasms to bone and later work has shown that among these conditions is carcinoma of the prostate. Davies (3) and Bamann and Riedel (1) discovered that there occurs in the spleen and kidney of swine and cattle, in addition to the alkaline phosphatase, a phosphatase with an activity maximum at pH 4.8. An enzyme believed to be identical with this "acid phosphatase" was found by Kutscher and Wolbergs (11) to be present in very large amount in the human prostate gland. This finding of great activity of acid phosphatase in the prostate gland was confirmed and extended to include prostatic cancer by Gutman, Sproul, and Gutman (7). The serum of certain patients with disseminated prostatic carcinoma was found by Gutman and Gutman (6) and Barringer and Woodard (2) to exhibit increased acid phosphatase activity. Robinson, Gutman, and Gutman'~I5) summarized the acid phosphatase activity levels of 44 patients with carcinoma of the prostate. They concluded that a marked rise in acid phosphatase in serum is associated with the appearance or spread of roentgenologically demonstrable skeletal metastases and implies dissemination of the primary tumor and thus is of unfavorable prognostic significance. METttODS AND MATERIALSread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Androgen receptor: past, present and future.
TL;DR: Research is now directed toward delineating the mechanisms of action of the androgen receptor under castrate conditions, whether through amplification of the AR, mutation, expression of splice variants, use of alternate signaling pathways, aberrant expression and activation of coregulators, or intratumoral androgen biosynthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estrogen receptor β expression and androgen receptor phosphorylation correlate with a poor clinical outcome in hormone-naïve prostate cancer and are elevated in castration-resistant disease
Tobias Zellweger,Susanne Stürm,Silvia Rey,Inti Zlobec,Joel R. Gsponer,Cyrill A. Rentsch,Luigi Terracciano,Alexander Bachmann,Lukas Bubendorf,Christian Ruiz +9 more
TL;DR: The results strongly suggest a major role for pAR(210) and ERβ in HN PC and the expression of these markers might be directly involved in CR tumor growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estrogen regulation of rat prostate androgen receptor.
TL;DR: Results which suggest that the increase in androgen binding sites observed after estrogen treatment could be mediated by the estrogen receptor are discussed in relation to the pharmacological and pathological effects of estrogens on the prostate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: ligand-dependent pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives
TL;DR: Testosterone appears to be the key molecule in the pathogenesis of SBMA, as well as main therapeutic target of this disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testosterone Regulates Tight Junction Proteins and Influences Prostatic Autoimmune Responses
Jing Meng,Elahe A. Mostaghel,Elahe A. Mostaghel,Funda Vakar-Lopez,Bruce Montgomery,Larry True,Peter S. Nelson,Peter S. Nelson +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that tight junction architecture in the prostate is related to changes in serum testosterone levels, and an androgen-regulated mechanism that potentially contributes to the development of prostate inflammation and consequent pathology is identified.
Related Papers (5)
Abiraterone and Increased Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Johann S. de Bono,Christopher J. Logothetis,Arturo Molina,Karim Fizazi,Scott North,Luis Chu,Kim N. Chi,Robert Jones,Oscar B. Goodman,Fred Saad,John Staffurth,Paul N. Mainwaring,S. J. Harland,Thomas W. Flaig,Thomas E. Hutson,Tina Cheng,Helen Patterson,John D. Hainsworth,Charles J. Ryan,Cora N. Sternberg,Susan Ellard,Aude Flechon,Mansoor N. Saleh,Mark C. Scholz,Eleni Efstathiou,Andrea Zivi,Diletta Bianchini,Yohann Loriot,Nicole Chieffo,Thian Kheoh,Christopher M. Haqq,Howard I. Scher +31 more