The dynamic geophysical environment of (101955) Bennu based on OSIRIS-REx measurements
Daniel J. Scheeres,Jay W. McMahon,A. S. French,D. N. Brack,Steven R. Chesley,Davide Farnocchia,Y. Takahashi,J. M. Leonard,J. Geeraert,B. Page,Peter G. Antreasian,K. Getzandanner,David D. Rowlands,Erwan Mazarico,J. Small,Dolan E. Highsmith,Michael C. Moreau,Josh Emery,Ben Rozitis,Masatoshi Hirabayashi,Paul Sánchez,S. Van wal,Pasquale Tricarico,Ronald-Louis Ballouz,Catherine L. Johnson,Catherine L. Johnson,M. Al Asad,Hannah C.M. Susorney,Olivier S. Barnouin,Michael Daly,J. A. Seabrook,Robert Gaskell,Eric Palmer,J. R. Weirich,Kevin J. Walsh,Erica Jawin,E. B. Bierhaus,Patrick Michel,William F. Bottke,Michael C. Nolan,Harold C. Connolly,Dante S. Lauretta,Osiris-Rex Team +42 more
TLDR
Combining the measured Bennu mass and shape obtained during the Preliminary Survey phase of the OSIRIS-REx mission, a notable transition is found in Bennu’s surface slopes within its rotational Roche lobe, defined as the region where material is energetically trapped to the surface.Abstract:
The top-shaped morphology characteristic of asteroid (101955) Bennu, often found among fast-spinning asteroids and binary asteroid primaries, may have contributed substantially to binary asteroid formation. Yet a detailed geophysical analysis of this morphology for a fast-spinning asteroid has not been possible prior to the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission. Combining the measured Bennu mass and shape obtained during the Preliminary Survey phase of the OSIRIS-REx mission, we find a notable transition in Bennu’s surface slopes within its rotational Roche lobe, defined as the region where material is energetically trapped to the surface. As the intersection of the rotational Roche lobe with Bennu’s surface has been most recently migrating towards its equator (given Bennu’s increasing spin rate), we infer that Bennu’s surface slopes have been changing across its surface within the last million years. We also find evidence for substantial density heterogeneity within this body, suggesting that its interior is a mixture of voids and boulders. The presence of such heterogeneity and Bennu’s top shape are consistent with spin-induced failure at some point in its past, although the manner of its failure cannot yet be determined. Future measurements by the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft will provide insight into and may resolve questions regarding the formation and evolution of Bennu’s top-shape morphology and its link to the formation of binary asteroids.read more
Citations
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The operational environment and rotational acceleration of asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx observations
Carl Hergenrother,C. K. Maleszewski,Michael C. Nolan,Jian-Yang Li,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,F. Shelly,Ellen S. Howell,Theodore Kareta,Matthew R.M. Izawa,M. A. Barucci,E. B. Bierhaus,Humberto Campins,Steven R. Chesley,Beth E. Clark,Eric Christensen,Daniella DellaGiustina,Sonia Fornasier,Dathon Golish,Christine Hartzell,Bashar Rizk,Daniel J. Scheeres,P. H. Smith,Xiao-Duan Zou,Dante S. Lauretta +23 more
TL;DR: The authors show the operational environment of asteroid Bennu, validate its photometric phase function and demonstrate the accelerating rotational rate due to YORP effect using the data acquired during the approach phase of OSIRIS-REx mission.
Journal ArticleDOI
The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu
Dante S. Lauretta,Daniella DellaGiustina,Carina Bennett,Dathon Golish,Kris J. Becker,S. S. Balram-Knutson,Olivier S. Barnouin,Tammy L. Becker,William F. Bottke,William V. Boynton,Humberto Campins,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,Jason P. Dworkin,Josh Emery,H. L. Enos,Victoria E. Hamilton,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Matthew R.M. Izawa,Hannah Kaplan,Michael C. Nolan,Bashar Rizk,H. L. Roper,Daniel J. Scheeres,P. H. Smith,Kevin J. Walsh,C. W. V. Wolner,Osiris-Rex Team +29 more
TL;DR: Early OSIRIS-REx observations of Bennu are considered to understand how the asteroid’s properties compare to pre-encounter expectations and to assess the prospects for sample return.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for widespread hydrated minerals on asteroid (101955) Bennu.
V. E. Hamilton,Amy Simon,Philip R. Christensen,D. C. Reuter,Beth E. Clark,M. A. Barucci,Neil Bowles,William V. Boynton,John Robert Brucato,Edward A. Cloutis,Harold C. Connolly,K. L. Donaldson Hanna,Josh Emery,H. L. Enos,Sonia Fornasier,Christopher W. Haberle,Romy D. Hanna,Ellen S. Howell,Hannah Kaplan,Lindsay P. Keller,C. Lantz,Jian-Yang Li,Lucy F. Lim,Timothy J. McCoy,F. Merlin,Michael C. Nolan,A. Praet,Benjamin Rozitis,Scott A. Sandford,Devin L. Schrader,Cristina A. Thomas,Xiao-Duan Zou,Dante S. Lauretta +32 more
TL;DR: Early spectral data from the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission reveal evidence for abundant hydrated minerals on the surface of near Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu in the form of a near-infrared absorption near 2.7
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of Rubble-Pile Asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx Imaging and Thermal Analysis
Daniella DellaGiustina,Josh Emery,Dathon Golish,Benjamin Rozitis,Carina Bennett,K. N. Burke,Ronald-Louis Ballouz,Kris J. Becker,Philip R. Christensen,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,V. E. Hamilton,D. C. Reuter,Bashar Rizk,Amy Simon,Erik Asphaug,Joshua L. Bandfield,Olivier S. Barnouin,M. A. Barucci,E. B. Bierhaus,R. P. Binzel,William F. Bottke,Neil Bowles,Humberto Campins,B. C. Clark,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,Michael Daly,J. de León,Marco Delbo,J. D. P. Deshapriya,Catherine Elder,Sonia Fornasier,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Erica Jawin,Hannah Kaplan,Theodore Kareta,L. Le Corre,Jian-Yang Li,Javier Licandro,Lucy F. Lim,Patrick Michel,Jamie Molaro,Michael C. Nolan,Maurizio Pajola,Marcel Popescu,J. L. Rizos Garcia,Andrew Ryan,Stephen R. Schwartz,N. Shultz,Matthew A. Siegler,P. H. Smith,Eri Tatsumi,Cristina A. Thomas,Kevin J. Walsh,C. W. V. Wolner,Xiao-Duan Zou,Dante S. Lauretta +57 more
TL;DR: Using images and thermal data from NASA's Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft, this paper showed that asteroid (101955) Bennu's surface is globally rough, dense with boulders, and low in albedo.
Journal ArticleDOI
Craters, boulders and regolith of (101955) Bennu indicative of an old and dynamic surface
Kevin J. Walsh,Erica Jawin,Ronald-Louis Ballouz,Olivier S. Barnouin,E. B. Bierhaus,Harold C. Connolly,Jamie Molaro,Timothy J. McCoy,Marco Delbo,Christine Hartzell,Maurizio Pajola,Stephen R. Schwartz,David Trang,Erik Asphaug,Kris J. Becker,Chloe B. Beddingfield,Carina Bennett,William F. Bottke,K. N. Burke,B. C. Clark,Michael Daly,Daniella DellaGiustina,Jason P. Dworkin,Catherine Elder,Dathon Golish,Alan R. Hildebrand,Renu Malhotra,John Marshall,P. Michel,Michael C. Nolan,Mark E. Perry,Bashar Rizk,Andrew Ryan,Scott A. Sandford,Daniel J. Scheeres,Hannah C.M. Susorney,Florian Thuillet,Dante S. Lauretta +37 more
TL;DR: Early measurements of numerous large candidate impact craters on near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer) mission indicate a surface that is between 100 million and 1 billion years old, predating Bennu's expected duration as a near Earth asteroid as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The operational environment and rotational acceleration of asteroid (101955) Bennu from OSIRIS-REx observations
Carl Hergenrother,C. K. Maleszewski,Michael C. Nolan,Jian-Yang Li,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,F. Shelly,Ellen S. Howell,Theodore Kareta,Matthew R.M. Izawa,M. A. Barucci,E. B. Bierhaus,Humberto Campins,Steven R. Chesley,Beth E. Clark,Eric Christensen,Daniella DellaGiustina,Sonia Fornasier,Dathon Golish,Christine Hartzell,Bashar Rizk,Daniel J. Scheeres,P. H. Smith,Xiao-Duan Zou,Dante S. Lauretta +23 more
TL;DR: The authors show the operational environment of asteroid Bennu, validate its photometric phase function and demonstrate the accelerating rotational rate due to YORP effect using the data acquired during the approach phase of OSIRIS-REx mission.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hayabusa2 arrives at the carbonaceous asteroid 162173 Ryugu—A spinning top–shaped rubble pile
Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Sei-ichiro Watanabe,Masatoshi Hirabayashi,Naru Hirata,Na. Hirata,Rina Noguchi,Yuri Shimaki,H. Ikeda,Eri Tatsumi,Makoto Yoshikawa,Makoto Yoshikawa,Shota Kikuchi,Hikaru Yabuta,Tomoki Nakamura,Shogo Tachibana,Shogo Tachibana,Yoshiaki Ishihara,Tomokatsu Morota,Kohei Kitazato,Naoya Sakatani,Koji Matsumoto,Koji Wada,Hiroki Senshu,C. Honda,Tatsuhiro Michikami,Hiroshi Takeuchi,Hiroshi Takeuchi,Toru Kouyama,R. Honda,Shingo Kameda,Tetsuharu Fuse,Hideaki Miyamoto,Goro Komatsu,S. Sugita,Tatsuaki Okada,Tatsuaki Okada,Noriyuki Namiki,Masahiko Arakawa,Masateru Ishiguro,Masanao Abe,Masanao Abe,Robert Gaskell,Eric Palmer,Olivier S. Barnouin,Patrick Michel,A. S. French,Jay W. McMahon,Daniel J. Scheeres,Paul A. Abell,Yukio Yamamoto,Yukio Yamamoto,Satoshi Tanaka,Satoshi Tanaka,Kei Shirai,Moe Matsuoka,Manabu Yamada,Y. Yokota,Y. Yokota,H. Suzuki,Kosuke Yoshioka,Yuichiro Cho,Naoki Nishikawa,T. Sugiyama,Hideaki Kikuchi,Ryodo Hemmi,Tomohiro Yamaguchi,Naoko Ogawa,Go Ono,Yuya Mimasu,Kent Yoshikawa,T. Takahashi,Yuto Takei,Atsushi Fujii,Chikako Hirose,Takahiro Iwata,Takahiro Iwata,Masahiro Hayakawa,Satoshi Hosoda,Osamu Mori,Hirotaka Sawada,Takanobu Shimada,Stefania Soldini,Hajime Yano,Hajime Yano,Ryudo Tsukizaki,M. Ozaki,M. Ozaki,Yuichi Iijima,K. Ogawa,Masaki Fujimoto,T. M. Ho,Aurelie Moussi,Ralf Jaumann,J. P. Bibring,Christian Krause,Fuyuto Terui,Takanao Saiki,Satoru Nakazawa,Yoshiyuki Tsuda,Yoshiyuki Tsuda +99 more
TL;DR: The Hayabusa2 spacecraft measured the mass, size, shape, density, and spin rate of asteroid Ryugu, showing that it is a porous rubble pile, and observations of Ryugu's shape, mass, and geomorphology suggest that Ryugu was reshaped by centrifugally induced deformation during a period of rapid rotation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu
Dante S. Lauretta,Daniella DellaGiustina,Carina Bennett,Dathon Golish,Kris J. Becker,S. S. Balram-Knutson,Olivier S. Barnouin,Tammy L. Becker,William F. Bottke,William V. Boynton,Humberto Campins,Beth E. Clark,Harold C. Connolly,C. Drouet d'Aubigny,Jason P. Dworkin,Josh Emery,H. L. Enos,Victoria E. Hamilton,Carl Hergenrother,Ellen S. Howell,Matthew R.M. Izawa,Hannah Kaplan,Michael C. Nolan,Bashar Rizk,H. L. Roper,Daniel J. Scheeres,P. H. Smith,Kevin J. Walsh,C. W. V. Wolner,Osiris-Rex Team +29 more
TL;DR: Early OSIRIS-REx observations of Bennu are considered to understand how the asteroid’s properties compare to pre-encounter expectations and to assess the prospects for sample return.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaling forces to asteroid surfaces: The role of cohesion
TL;DR: In this article, the scaling of physical forces to the extremely low ambient gravitational acceleration regimes found on the surfaces of small asteroids is performed, and it is found that van der Waals cohesive forces between regolith grains on asteroid surfaces should be a dominant force and compete with particle weights and be greater, in general, than electrostatic and solar radiation pressure forces.
Journal ArticleDOI
Orbit and bulk density of the OSIRIS-REx target Asteroid (101955) Bennu
Steven R. Chesley,Davide Farnocchia,Michael C. Nolan,David Vokrouhlický,Paul W. Chodas,Andrea Milani,Federica Spoto,Benjamin Rozitis,Lance A. M. Benner,William F. Bottke,Michael W. Busch,Joshua P. Emery,Ellen S. Howell,Dante S. Lauretta,Jean-Luc Margot,Patrick A. Taylor +15 more
TL;DR: The OSIRIS-REx asteroid sample return mission target, (101955) Bennu (formerly 1999 RQ 36), is a half-kilometer near-Earth asteroid with an extraordinarily well constrained orbit as mentioned in this paper.
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