The EAGLE simulations of galaxy formation: calibration of subgrid physics and model variations
Robert A. Crain,Robert A. Crain,Joop Schaye,Richard G. Bower,Michelle Furlong,Matthieu Schaller,Tom Theuns,Claudio Dalla Vecchia,Claudio Dalla Vecchia,Carlos S. Frenk,Ian G. McCarthy,John C. Helly,Adrian Jenkins,Yetli Rosas-Guevara,Simon D. M. White,James W. Trayford +15 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors present results from thirteen cosmological simulations that explore the parameter space of the "Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments" (EAGLE) simulation project.Abstract:
We present results from thirteen cosmological simulations that explore the parameter space of the "Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments" (EAGLE) simulation project. Four of the simulations follow the evolution of a periodic cube L = 50 cMpc on a side, and each employs a different subgrid model of the energetic feedback associated with star formation. The relevant parameters were adjusted so that the simulations each reproduce the observed galaxy stellar mass function at z = 0.1. Three of the simulations fail to form disc galaxies as extended as observed, and we show analytically that this is a consequence of numerical radiative losses that reduce the efficiency of stellar feedback in high-density gas. Such losses are greatly reduced in the fourth simulation - the EAGLE reference model - by injecting more energy in higher density gas. This model produces galaxies with the observed size distribution, and also reproduces many galaxy scaling relations. In the remaining nine simulations, a single parameter or process of the reference model was varied at a time. We find that the properties of galaxies with stellar mass <~ M* (the "knee" of the galaxy stellar mass function) are largely governed by feedback associated with star formation, while those of more massive galaxies are also controlled by feedback from accretion onto their central black holes. Both processes must be efficient in order to reproduce the observed galaxy population. In general, simulations that have been calibrated to reproduce the low-redshift galaxy stellar mass function will still not form realistic galaxies, but the additional requirement that galaxy sizes be acceptable leads to agreement with a large range of observables.read more
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Simulating galaxy formation with the IllustrisTNG model
Annalisa Pillepich,Annalisa Pillepich,Volker Springel,Volker Springel,Dylan Nelson,Shy Genel,Shy Genel,Jill Naiman,Rüdiger Pakmor,Lars Hernquist,Paul Torrey,Mark Vogelsberger,Rainer Weinberger,Federico Marinacci +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, an updated physical model to simulate the formation and evolution of galaxies in cosmological, large-scale gravity+magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the moving mesh code AREPO is introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the stellar mass content of groups and clusters of galaxies
Annalisa Pillepich,Annalisa Pillepich,Dylan Nelson,Lars Hernquist,Volker Springel,Volker Springel,Rüdiger Pakmor,Paul Torrey,Rainer Weinberger,Shy Genel,Shy Genel,Jill Naiman,Federico Marinacci,Mark Vogelsberger +13 more
TL;DR: The IllustrisTNG project as discussed by the authors is a suite of cosmological magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation performed with the Arepo code and updated models for feedback physics.
Journal ArticleDOI
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: the galaxy colour bimodality
Dylan Nelson,Annalisa Pillepich,Volker Springel,Volker Springel,Rainer Weinberger,Lars Hernquist,Ruediger Pakmor,Shy Genel,Paul Torrey,Mark Vogelsberger,Guinevere Kauffmann,Federico Marinacci,Jill Naiman +12 more
TL;DR: The first two simulations of the IllustrisTNG project were presented in this article, focusing on the optical colors of galaxies at low redshift, and the results showed that the simulated (g-r) colors of 10^9 10^11 Msun which redden at z < 1 accumulate on average ~25% of their final z=0 mass post-reddening; at the same time, ~18% of such massive galaxies acquire half or more of their last stellar mass while on the red sequence.
Journal ArticleDOI
FIRE-2 simulations: physics versus numerics in galaxy formation
Philip F. Hopkins,Andrew Wetzel,Andrew Wetzel,Andrew Wetzel,Dušan Kereš,Claude André Faucher-Giguère,Eliot Quataert,Michael Boylan-Kolchin,Norman Murray,Christopher C. Hayward,Shea Garrison-Kimmel,Cameron Hummels,Robert Feldmann,Robert Feldmann,Paul Torrey,Xiangcheng Ma,Daniel Anglés-Alcázar,Kung-Yi Su,Matthew E. Orr,Denise Schmitz,Ivanna Escala,Robyn E. Sanderson,Michael Y. Grudić,Zachary Hafen,Ji-hoon Kim,Alex Fitts,James S. Bullock,Coral Wheeler,T. K. Chan,Oliver D. Elbert,Desika Narayanan +30 more
TL;DR: The Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project explores feedback in cosmological galaxy formation simulations as mentioned in this paper, which has been used to explore new physics (e.g. magnetic fields).
Journal ArticleDOI
The IllustrisTNG simulations: public data release
Dylan Nelson,Volker Springel,Volker Springel,Volker Springel,Annalisa Pillepich,Vicente Rodriguez-Gomez,Paul Torrey,Paul Torrey,Shy Genel,Mark Vogelsberger,Ruediger Pakmor,Ruediger Pakmor,Federico Marinacci,Federico Marinacci,Rainer Weinberger,Luke Zoltan Kelley,Mark R. Lovell,Mark R. Lovell,Benedikt Diemer,Lars Hernquist +19 more
TL;DR: The full public release of all data from the TNG100 and TNG300 simulations of the IllustrisTNG project is presented in this article, which includes a comprehensive model for galaxy formation physics, and each TNG simulation selfconsistently solves for the coupled evolution of dark matter, cosmic gas, luminous stars, and supermassive black holes from early time to the present day.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first cosmological results based on Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and lensing-potential power spectra, which are extremely well described by the standard spatially-flat six-parameter ΛCDM cosmology with a power-law spectrum of adiabatic scalar perturbations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Star formation in galaxies along the hubble sequence
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the broad patterns in the star formation properties of galaxies along the Hubble sequence and their implications for understanding galaxy evolution and the physical processes that drive the evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
Peter A. R. Ade,Nabila Aghanim,C. Armitage-Caplan,Monique Arnaud,M. Ashdown,Fernando Atrio-Barandela,J. Aumont,Carlo Baccigalupi,A. J. Banday,R. B. Barreiro,James G. Bartlett,E. Battaner,K. Benabed,Alain Benoit,A. Benoit-Lévy,J.-P. Bernard,Marco Bersanelli,P. Bielewicz,Jérôme Bobin,James J. Bock,Anna Bonaldi,J. R. Bond,Julian Borrill,François R. Bouchet,M. Bridges,M. Bucher,Carlo Burigana,R. C. Butler,Erminia Calabrese,B. Cappellini,Jean-François Cardoso,A. Catalano,Anthony Challinor,A. Chamballu,Ranga-Ram Chary,Xin Chen,H. C. Chiang,Lung-Yih Chiang,P. R. Christensen,Sarah E. Church,David L. Clements,S. Colombi,L. P. L. Colombo,F. Couchot,A. Coulais,B. P. Crill,A. Curto,F. Cuttaia,Luigi Danese,R. D. Davies,R. J. Davis,P. de Bernardis,A. de Rosa,G. de Zotti,Jacques Delabrouille,J.-M. Delouis,F.-X. Désert,Clive Dickinson,Jose M. Diego,Klaus Dolag,H. Dole,S. Donzelli,Olivier Doré,Marian Douspis,Jo Dunkley,X. Dupac,George Efstathiou,F. Elsner,Torsten A. Enßlin,H. K. Eriksen,Fabio Finelli,Olivier Forni,M. Frailis,Aurelien A. Fraisse,E. Franceschi,T. C. Gaier,S. Galeotta,Silvia Galli,K. Ganga,M. Giard,Giovanna Giardino,Y. Giraud-Héraud,E. Gjerløw,J. González-Nuevo,Krzysztof M. Gorski,Serge Gratton,A. Gregorio,Alessandro Gruppuso,Jon E. Gudmundsson,J. Haissinski,Jan Hamann,F. K. Hansen,Duncan Hanson,D. L. Harrison,Sophie Henrot-Versille,C. Hernández-Monteagudo,D. Herranz,S. R. Hildebrandt,E. Hivon,Michael P. Hobson,W. A. Holmes,Allan Hornstrup,Z. Hou,W. Hovest,Kevin M. Huffenberger,Andrew H. Jaffe,T. R. Jaffe,J. Jewell,W. C. Jones,Mika Juvela,E. Keihänen,Reijo Keskitalo,Theodore Kisner,R. Kneissl,J. Knoche,Lloyd Knox,Martin Kunz,Hannu Kurki-Suonio,Guilaine Lagache,Anne Lähteenmäki,J.-M. Lamarre,Anthony Lasenby,Massimiliano Lattanzi,R. J. Laureijs,Charles R. Lawrence,S. Leach,J. P. Leahy,R. Leonardi,J. Leon-Tavares,Julien Lesgourgues,Antony Lewis,Michele Liguori,P. B. Lilje,M. Linden-Vørnle,M. López-Caniego,Philip Lubin,J. F. Macías-Pérez,Bruno Maffei,Davide Maino,N. Mandolesi,Michele Maris,D. J. Marshall,Peter G. Martin,E. Martínez-González,Silvia Masi,Marcella Massardi,Sabino Matarrese,F. Matthai,Pasquale Mazzotta,Peter Meinhold,Alessandro Melchiorri,J.-B. Melin,L. Mendes,Eloisa Menegoni,A. Mennella,M. Migliaccio,M. Millea,Subhabrata Mitra,M.-A. Miville-Deschênes,A. Moneti,L. Montier,Gianluca Morgante,Daniel J. Mortlock,Adam Moss,Dipak Munshi,J. A. Murphy,Pavel Naselsky,Federico Nati,Paolo Natoli,Calvin B. Netterfield,Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen,F. Noviello,Dmitry Novikov,I. D. Novikov,I. J. O'Dwyer,S. Osborne,Carol Anne Oxborrow,F. Paci,L. Pagano,F. Pajot,Daniela Paoletti,Bruce Partridge,F. Pasian,G. Patanchon,David Pearson,T. J. Pearson,H. V. Peiris,O. Perdereau,L. Perotto,Francesca Perrotta,Valeria Pettorino,F. Piacentini,M. Piat,E. Pierpaoli,Davide Pietrobon,Stéphane Plaszczynski,Paola Platania,Etienne Pointecouteau,G. Polenta,N. Ponthieu,L. Popa,T. Poutanen,G. W. Pratt,G. Prézeau,Simon Prunet,J.-L. Puget,Jörg P. Rachen,William T. Reach,Rafael Rebolo,M. Reinecke,Mathieu Remazeilles,C. Renault,S. Ricciardi,T. Riller,I. Ristorcelli,Graca Rocha,C. Rosset,G. Roudier,Michael Rowan-Robinson,Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin,Ben Rusholme,M. Sandri,D. Santos,M. Savelainen,Giorgio Savini,Douglas Scott,Michael Seiffert,E. P. S. Shellard,Locke D. Spencer,Jean-Luc Starck,V. Stolyarov,R. Stompor,R. V. Sudiwala,R. A. Sunyaev,F. Sureau,D. Sutton,A.-S. Suur-Uski,J.-F. Sygnet,J. A. Tauber,Daniele Tavagnacco,Luca Terenzi,L. Toffolatti,M. Tomasi,M. Tristram,M. Tucci,J. Tuovinen,M. Turler,G. Umana,Luca Valenziano,Jussi-Pekka Väliviita,B. Van Tent,P. Vielva,Fabrizio Villa,Nicola Vittorio,L. A. Wade,Benjamin D. Wandelt,Ingunn Kathrine Wehus,Martin White,Simon D. M. White,Althea Wilkinson,D. Yvon,Andrea Zacchei,Andrea Zonca +262 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first results based on Planck measurements of the CMB temperature and lensing-potential power spectra, which are extremely well described by the standard spatially-flat six-parameter LCDM cosmology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Cosmological simulation code GADGET-2
TL;DR: GADGET-2 as mentioned in this paper is a massively parallel tree-SPH code, capable of following a collisionless fluid with the N-body method, and an ideal gas by means of smoothed particle hydrodynamics.
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