The endosperm-specific ZHOUPI gene of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates endosperm breakdown and embryonic epidermal development.
Suxin Yang,Niamh Johnston,Edmund Talideh,Steve Mitchell,C. E. Jeffree,Justin Goodrich,Gwyneth C. Ingram +6 more
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TLDR
A novel bHLH transcription factor, ZHOUPI (ZOU), is identified, which mediates specific signalling pathways that coordinate embryo invasion and breakdown of surrounding endosperm tissues.Abstract:
During Arabidopsis seed development, the growing embryo invades and consumes the surrounding endosperm tissue. The signalling pathways that coordinate the separation of the embryo from the endosperm and the concomitant breakdown of the endosperm are poorly understood. We have identified a novel bHLH transcription factor, ZHOUPI (ZOU), which mediates these processes. ZOU is expressed exclusively in the endosperm of developing seeds. It is activated in the central cell immediately after fertilization and is initially expressed uniformly in endosperm, subsequently resolving to the embryo surrounding region (ESR). However, zou mutant embryos have defects in cuticle formation and in epidermal cell adhesion, suggesting that ZOU functions non-autonomously to regulate embryonic development. In addition, the endosperm of zou mutant seeds fails to separate from the embryo, restricting embryo expansion and resulting in the production of shrivelled collapsed seeds. zou seeds retain more endosperm than do wild-type seeds at maturity, suggesting that ZOU also controls endosperm breakdown. We identify several target genes whose expression in the ESR is regulated by ZOU. These include ABNORMAL LEAF SHAPE1, which encodes a subtilisin-like protease previously shown to have a similar role to ZOU in regulating endosperm adhesion and embryonic epidermal development. However, expression of several other ESR-specific genes is independent of ZOU. Therefore, ZOU is not a general regulator of endosperm patterning, but rather controls specific signalling pathways that coordinate embryo invasion and breakdown of surrounding endosperm tissues.read more
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Origin and Diversification of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Plants
Nuno D. Pires,Liam Dolan +1 more
TL;DR: Much of the diversity of plant bHLH proteins was established in early land plants, over 440 million years ago, according to whole-genome sequences from nine species of land plants and algae.
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Epidermis: the formation and functions of a fundamental plant tissue
TL;DR: The control of epidermal cell fate and the function of the epidermis cell layer in the light of recent advances in the field is discussed.
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The Time Required for Dormancy Release in Arabidopsis Is Determined by DELAY OF GERMINATION1 Protein Levels in Freshly Harvested Seeds
Kazumi Nakabayashi,Melanie Bartsch,Yong Xiang,Emma Miatton,Silke Pellengahr,Ryoichi Yano,Mitsunori Seo,Wim J. J. Soppe +7 more
TL;DR: This work shows that posttranslational modifications of the Arabidopsis thaliana protein DELAY of GERMINATION1 occurring during seed storage can explain dormancy release, and proposes that DOG1 protein abundance in freshly harvested seeds acts as a timer for seed dormancyRelease, which functions largely independent from ABA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomic Analysis of Parent-of-Origin Allelic Expression in Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
TL;DR: High-throughput sequencing of RNA derived from seeds of reciprocal intraspecific crosses identifies more than 200 loci that exhibit parent-of-origin effects on gene expression in the endosperm, including a large number of transcription factors, hormone biosynthesis and response genes, and genes that encode regulators of epigenetic information, such as methylcytosine binding proteins, histone methyltransferases, and chromatin remodelers.
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Only in dying, life: programmed cell death during plant development.
TL;DR: This review discusses some of the multiple cases of PCD that occur as integral parts of plant development in a remarkable variety of cell types, tissues, and organs.
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