Journal ArticleDOI
The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments
Inka Bartsch,Christian Wiencke,Kai Bischof,Cornelia Buchholz,Bela H. Buck,Anja Eggert,Peter Feuerpfeil,Dieter Hanelt,Sabine Jacobsen,Rolf Karez,Ulf Karsten,Markus Molis,Michael Y. Roleda,Hendrik Schubert,Rhena Schumann,Klaus Valentin,Florian Weinberger,Jutta Wiese +17 more
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TLDR
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979, and covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography.Abstract:
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent proposal to divide the genus into the two genera Laminaria and Saccharina is acknowledged, but the published data are discussed under a 'sensu lato' concept, introduced here. This includes all species which have been considered to be 'Laminaria' before the division of the genus. In detail, after an introduction the review covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography. It describes growth and photosynthetic performance of sporophytes with special paragraphs on the regulation of sporogenesis, regulation by endogenous rhythms, nutrient metabolism, storage products, and salinity tolerance. The biology of microstages is discussed separately. The ecology of these kelps is described with a focus on stress defence against abiotic and biotic factors and the role of Laminaria as habitat, its trophic interactions and its competition is discussed. Finally, recent developments in aquaculture are summarized. In conclusion to each section, as a perspective and guide to future research, we draw attention to the remaining gaps in the knowledge about the genus and kelps in general.read more
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Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation
Susan Løvstad Holdt,Stefan Kraan +1 more
TL;DR: Worldwide research on bioactive compounds in seaweed is reviewed, mainly of nine genera or species of seaweed, which are also available in European temperate Atlantic waters, i.e. Laminaria sp.
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The cell wall polysaccharide metabolism of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Insights into the evolution of extracellular matrix polysaccharides in Eukaryotes.
TL;DR: Surprisingly, known families of cellulases, expansins and alginate lyases are absent in Ectocarpus, suggesting the existence of novel mechanisms and/or proteins for cell wall expansion in brown algae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry.
Frithjof C. Küpper,Lucy J. Carpenter,Gordon McFiggans,Carl J. Palmer,Tim J. Waite,Eva-Maria Boneberg,Sonja Woitsch,Markus Weiller,Rafael Abela,Daniel Grolimund,Philippe Potin,Alison Butler,George W. Luther,Peter M. H. Kroneck,Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke,Martin C. Feiters +15 more
TL;DR: Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that the accumulated form is iodide, which readily scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is the first to be described in a living system.
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The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems
Harry Teagle,Stephen J. Hawkins,Stephen J. Hawkins,Philippa Moore,Philippa Moore,Dan A. Smale,Dan A. Smale +6 more
TL;DR: Biodiversity patterns associated with kelp holdfasts, stipes and blades are examined, as well as the wider understorey habitat, and generality between kelp species and biogeographic regions are searched for.
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Mass-cultivation of carbohydrate rich macroalgae, a possible solution for sustainable biofuel production
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the current cultivation technologies for marine biomass and the environmental and economic aspects of using brown seaweeds for bio-ethanol production, and concluded that marine biomass could meet these challenges, being an abundant and carbon neutral renewable resource with potential to reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions and the manmade impact on climate change.
References
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A smaller and impaired xanthophyll cycle makes the deep sea macroalgae laminaria abyssalis (phaeophyceae) highly sensitive to daylight when compared with shallow water laminaria digitata1
Marcoaurélio Almenara Rodrigues,Cesar P. Dos Santos,Andrew J. Young,Dragana Strbac,David O. Hall +4 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the xanthophyll cycle is the main mechanism of photoprotection of these Laminaria species and that the higher susceptibility of L. abyssalis to photoinhibition may be due to its limited de‐epoxidation capacity and reduced x anthophyll‐cycle pool size.
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Sea urchin outbreaks and nematode epizootics in Vestfjorden, northern Norway.
TL;DR: Large-scale overgrazing of kelp beds by the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis O.F. MULLER, has recently occurred off the coast of northern Norway, suggesting that E. matsi exhibits a high degree of host specificity.
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Ecological studies of the kelp, Laminaria hyperborea, and its associated fauna in South-West Ireland
TL;DR: Both the density and mean fresh mass of kelp plants are reduced with increasing depth and the rate of decrease in these parameters with depth is greater at sites further from the open sea, while the species diversity of holdfast communities is reduced at more turbid sites where the holdfast fauna is dominated by suspension feeders.
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Seasonal growth and carbon and nitrogen content in canopy and first-year plants of Laminaria hyperborea (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
TL;DR: The seasonal growth pattern of canopy plants has been compared with that of first-year plants, and Vegetative and reproductive laminae contained similar percentages of carbon in dry weight in January, indicating that the process of sorus formation did not involve high consumption of stored carbohydrates in reproductive plants.
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Isolated, distal blade discs of the brown alga Laminaria digitata form sorus, but not discs, near to the meristematic transition zone
Cornelia Buchholz,Klaus Lüning +1 more
TL;DR: Blade discs of vegetative thalli of Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour from Helgoland (North Sea) formed sorus in the laboratory after 7–12 weeks, 5 months earlier than whole fronds in the field.