Journal ArticleDOI
The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments
Inka Bartsch,Christian Wiencke,Kai Bischof,Cornelia Buchholz,Bela H. Buck,Anja Eggert,Peter Feuerpfeil,Dieter Hanelt,Sabine Jacobsen,Rolf Karez,Ulf Karsten,Markus Molis,Michael Y. Roleda,Hendrik Schubert,Rhena Schumann,Klaus Valentin,Florian Weinberger,Jutta Wiese +17 more
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TLDR
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979, and covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography.Abstract:
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent proposal to divide the genus into the two genera Laminaria and Saccharina is acknowledged, but the published data are discussed under a 'sensu lato' concept, introduced here. This includes all species which have been considered to be 'Laminaria' before the division of the genus. In detail, after an introduction the review covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography. It describes growth and photosynthetic performance of sporophytes with special paragraphs on the regulation of sporogenesis, regulation by endogenous rhythms, nutrient metabolism, storage products, and salinity tolerance. The biology of microstages is discussed separately. The ecology of these kelps is described with a focus on stress defence against abiotic and biotic factors and the role of Laminaria as habitat, its trophic interactions and its competition is discussed. Finally, recent developments in aquaculture are summarized. In conclusion to each section, as a perspective and guide to future research, we draw attention to the remaining gaps in the knowledge about the genus and kelps in general.read more
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Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation
Susan Løvstad Holdt,Stefan Kraan +1 more
TL;DR: Worldwide research on bioactive compounds in seaweed is reviewed, mainly of nine genera or species of seaweed, which are also available in European temperate Atlantic waters, i.e. Laminaria sp.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cell wall polysaccharide metabolism of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Insights into the evolution of extracellular matrix polysaccharides in Eukaryotes.
TL;DR: Surprisingly, known families of cellulases, expansins and alginate lyases are absent in Ectocarpus, suggesting the existence of novel mechanisms and/or proteins for cell wall expansion in brown algae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Iodide accumulation provides kelp with an inorganic antioxidant impacting atmospheric chemistry.
Frithjof C. Küpper,Lucy J. Carpenter,Gordon McFiggans,Carl J. Palmer,Tim J. Waite,Eva-Maria Boneberg,Sonja Woitsch,Markus Weiller,Rafael Abela,Daniel Grolimund,Philippe Potin,Alison Butler,George W. Luther,Peter M. H. Kroneck,Wolfram Meyer-Klaucke,Martin C. Feiters +15 more
TL;DR: Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that the accumulated form is iodide, which readily scavenges a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is the first to be described in a living system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems
Harry Teagle,Stephen J. Hawkins,Stephen J. Hawkins,Philippa Moore,Philippa Moore,Dan A. Smale,Dan A. Smale +6 more
TL;DR: Biodiversity patterns associated with kelp holdfasts, stipes and blades are examined, as well as the wider understorey habitat, and generality between kelp species and biogeographic regions are searched for.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mass-cultivation of carbohydrate rich macroalgae, a possible solution for sustainable biofuel production
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the current cultivation technologies for marine biomass and the environmental and economic aspects of using brown seaweeds for bio-ethanol production, and concluded that marine biomass could meet these challenges, being an abundant and carbon neutral renewable resource with potential to reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions and the manmade impact on climate change.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental evaluation of aggregation behavior in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis: A reinterpretation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined some of the mechanisms contributing to aggregation behavior by experimentally manipulating sea urchins, purported predators and food during autumn 1983 and spring 1984 both in the laboratory and field.
Book ChapterDOI
Stress Resistance and Disease Resistance in Seaweeds: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Metabolism
TL;DR: Since 1994, sufficient examples similar responses in a broad range of marine macroalgae have been decribed to show that reactive oxygen metabolism also underlies the mechanisms by which seaweeds respond(and become resistant) to stress and infection.
Book ChapterDOI
Worldwide distribution of commercial resources of seaweeds including Gelidium
TL;DR: Of the four categories of commercial resources of seaweeds considered, agarophytes are spread more evenly over a greater number of countries; they come from 20 countries and only five of these are minor contributors to the total.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of algal research in aquaculture
Gary H. Wikfors,Masao Ohno +1 more
TL;DR: The challenge being addressed in current research on microalgae in Aquaculture food chains is to combine engineering and nutritional principles so that effective and economical production of microalgal feed cultures can be accomplished to support an expanding marine animal aquaculture industry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Susceptibility of zoospores to UV radiation determines upper depth distribution limit of Arctic kelps : evidence through field experiments
TL;DR: Tolerance of zoospores to UVR is a major if not one of the most important factors determining the upper distribution limit of different Laminariales on the shore, and Enhanced UVBR due to stratospheric ozone depletion may lead to changes in the depth distribution of kelps and may cause significant ecological domino effects.