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The genus Laminaria sensu lato : recent insights and developments

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TLDR
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979, and covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography.
Abstract
This review about the genus Laminaria sensu lato summarizes the extensive literature that has been published since the overview of the genus given by Kain in 1979. The recent proposal to divide the genus into the two genera Laminaria and Saccharina is acknowledged, but the published data are discussed under a 'sensu lato' concept, introduced here. This includes all species which have been considered to be 'Laminaria' before the division of the genus. In detail, after an introduction the review covers recent insights into phylogeny and taxonomy, and discusses morphotypes, ecotypes, population genetics and demography. It describes growth and photosynthetic performance of sporophytes with special paragraphs on the regulation of sporogenesis, regulation by endogenous rhythms, nutrient metabolism, storage products, and salinity tolerance. The biology of microstages is discussed separately. The ecology of these kelps is described with a focus on stress defence against abiotic and biotic factors and the role of Laminaria as habitat, its trophic interactions and its competition is discussed. Finally, recent developments in aquaculture are summarized. In conclusion to each section, as a perspective and guide to future research, we draw attention to the remaining gaps in the knowledge about the genus and kelps in general.

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Bioactive compounds in seaweed: functional food applications and legislation

TL;DR: Worldwide research on bioactive compounds in seaweed is reviewed, mainly of nine genera or species of seaweed, which are also available in European temperate Atlantic waters, i.e. Laminaria sp.
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The cell wall polysaccharide metabolism of the brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus. Insights into the evolution of extracellular matrix polysaccharides in Eukaryotes.

TL;DR: Surprisingly, known families of cellulases, expansins and alginate lyases are absent in Ectocarpus, suggesting the existence of novel mechanisms and/or proteins for cell wall expansion in brown algae.
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The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems

TL;DR: Biodiversity patterns associated with kelp holdfasts, stipes and blades are examined, as well as the wider understorey habitat, and generality between kelp species and biogeographic regions are searched for.
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Mass-cultivation of carbohydrate rich macroalgae, a possible solution for sustainable biofuel production

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the current cultivation technologies for marine biomass and the environmental and economic aspects of using brown seaweeds for bio-ethanol production, and concluded that marine biomass could meet these challenges, being an abundant and carbon neutral renewable resource with potential to reduce green house gas (GHG) emissions and the manmade impact on climate change.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Development in the red alga, Griffithsia pacifica: Control by internal and external factors.

TL;DR: Under 16:8 photoperiods, both cell division and cell elongation show a diurnal rhythm, which indicates that the timing of cell division is controlled by an endogenous rhythm.
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Circadian rhythm and fast responses to blue light of photosynthesis in Ectocarpus (Phaeophyta, Ectocarpales) : I. Characterization of the rhythm and the blue-light response.

TL;DR: Two different transient bursts in the rate of O2 evolution could be distinguished, an early non-rhythmical one that was probably caused by accumulation of inorganic carbon inside the cells, and a second later one that appeared at the peak activity phases of the ciradian rhythm or after blue light.
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The fauna and flora of a kelp bed canopy

TL;DR: Indications are that canopy organisms are an important source of food for the fish of the kelp bed, but further offshore the canopy fauna is insignificant in relation to a rich benthic community.
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Effects of concurrent low temperature and low nitrogen supply on polar and temperate seaweeds

TL;DR: Overall, the arctic species alone has an N-allocation strategy for surviving long periods of concurrent low temperature and low N-supply, and the temperate species is poorly adapted to survive prolonged periods of both low N and low temperature, even though ecotypes of this species extend into the Arctic.
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Phycological research in the development of the Chinese seaweed industry

TL;DR: China is now able to produce by phycoculture more than one million tons of fresh seaweeds, including Laminaria, Undaria, Porphyra, Eucheuma, Gracilaria etc. and several thousand tons of seaweed extracts, including algin, agar, carrageenan, mannitol and iodine.
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