The interaction of planetary nebulae and their AGB progenitors with the interstellar medium
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In an effort to understand the range of shapes observed in the outer envelopes of PNe, the authors run a comprehensive set of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, from the beginning of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) superwind phase until the end of the post-AGB/PN phase.Abstract:
Interaction with the Interstellar Medium (ISM) cannot be ignored in understanding planetary nebula (PN) evolution and shaping. In an effort to understand the range of shapes observed in the outer envelopes of PNe, we have run a comprehensive set of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, from the beginning of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) superwind phase until the end of the post–AGB/PN phase. A ’triple-wind’ model is used, including a slow AGB wind, fast post–AGB wind and third wind reflecting the linear movement through the ISM. A wide range of stellar velocities, mass-loss rates and ISM densities have been considered. We find ISM interaction strongly affects outer PN structures, with the dominant shaping occuring during the AGB phase. The simulations predict four stages of PN– ISM interaction whereby the PN is initially unaffected (1), then limb-brightened in the direction of motion (2), then distorted with the star moving away from the geometric centre (3) and finally so distorted that the object is no longer recognisable as a PN and may not be classed as such (4). Parsec-size shells around PN are predicted to be common. The structure and brightness of ancient PNe is largely determined by the ISM interaction, caused by rebrightening during the second stage; this effect may address the current discrepancies in Galactic PN abundance. The majority of PNe will have tail structures. Evidence for strong interaction is found for all known planetary nebulae in globular clusters.read more
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A far-infrared survey of bow shocks and detached shells around AGB stars and red supergiants
Nick L. J. Cox,Franz Kerschbaum,A. J. van Marle,L. Decin,L. Decin,D. Ladjal,A. Mayer,Martin Groenewegen,S. Van Eck,Pierre Royer,Roland Ottensamer,Toshiya Ueta,Alain Jorissen,M. Mecina,Zakaria Meliani,Zakaria Meliani,A. Luntzer,Joris Blommaert,Th. Posch,B. Vandenbussche,Christoffel Waelkens +20 more
TL;DR: In this article, different morphologies associated to the interaction of the stellar winds of AGB stars and red supergiants with the interstellar medium (ISM) are identified, and basic parameters affecting the morphology are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
MESS (Mass-loss of Evolved StarS), a Herschel key program
Martin Groenewegen,Christoffel Waelkens,M. J. Barlow,Franz Kerschbaum,Pedro García-Lario,José Cernicharo,Joris Blommaert,Jeroen Bouwman,Marvin L. Cohen,Nick L. J. Cox,L. Decin,L. Decin,Katrina Exter,Walter Kieran Gear,Haley Louise Gomez,Peter Charles Hargrave,Th. Henning,Damien Hutsemekers,Rob Ivison,Alain Jorissen,Oliver Krause,D. Ladjal,S. J. Leeks,T. L. Lim,Mikako Matsuura,Yaël Nazé,Göran Olofsson,Roland Ottensamer,Roland Ottensamer,Edward Polehampton,Edward Polehampton,Th. Posch,Gregor Rauw,Pierre Royer,B. Sibthorpe,B. M. Swinyard,Toshiya Ueta,Chloi Vamvatira-Nakou,B. Vandenbussche,G. C. Van de Steene,S. Van Eck,P. A. M. van Hoof,H. Van Winckel,E. Verdugo,Roger Wesson +44 more
TL;DR: MESS (Mass-loss of Evolved StarS) as discussed by the authors is a guaranteed time key program that uses the PACS and SPIRE instruments on board the Herschel space observatory to observe a representative sample of evolved stars, that include asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae and red supergiants, as well as luminous blue variables, Wolf-Rayet stars and supernova remnants.
Journal ArticleDOI
The enigmatic nature of the circumstellar envelope and bow shock surrounding Betelgeuse as revealed by Herschel - I. Evidence of clumps, multiple arcs, and a linear bar-like structure
Leen Decin,Leen Decin,Nick L. J. Cox,Pierre Royer,A. J. van Marle,Bart Vandenbussche,D. Ladjal,Franz Kerschbaum,Roland Ottensamer,M. J. Barlow,Joris Blommaert,Haley Louise Gomez,Martin Groenewegen,T. L. Lim,B. M. Swinyard,C. Waelkens,Alexander G. G. M. Tielens +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used hydrodynamical simulations to explain the observed morphology of the bow shock around Betelgeuse, and derived the observational properties of bow shock structure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computing the Dust Distribution in the Bow Shock of a Fast-moving, Evolved Star
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed treatment of dust grains in the stellar wind and taking into account the drag forces between dust and gas is presented, where the dust is treated as pressureless gas components binned per grain size, for which they use 10 representative grain size bins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Computing the dust distribution in the bowshock of a fast moving, evolved star
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed treatment of dust grains in the stellar wind, and taking into account the drag forces between dust and gas, is presented, showing that smaller dust grains (radius < 0.045 micro-meters) tend to be strongly bound to the gas and therefore follow the gas density distribution closely, with intricate finestructure due to essentially hydrodynamical instabilities at the wind-related contact discontinuity.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
The IAC Morphological Catalog of Northern Galactic Planetary Nebulae
TL;DR: In this paper, a morphological study of planetary Nebulae (PNs) is proposed to understand the mass loss process during the Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution.