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The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting
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TLDR
The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws -producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events.Abstract:
This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.read more
Citations
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Fault zone architecture and permeability structure
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed qualitative and quantitative schemes for evaluating fault-related permeability structures by using results of field investigations, laboratory permeability measurements, and numerical models offlow within and near fault zones.
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Earthquakes and friction laws
TL;DR: The traditional view of tectonics is that the lithosphere comprises a strong brittle layer overlying a weak ductile layer, which gives rise to two forms of deformation: brittle fracture, accompanied by earth-quakes, in the upper layer, and aseismic ductile flow in the layer beneath as mentioned in this paper.
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Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between friction and the properties of earthquake faults is presented, as well as an interpretation of the friction state variable, including its interpretation as a measure of average asperity contact time and porosity within granular fault gouge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaling of fracture systems in geological media
E. Bonnet,Olivier Bour,Noelle E. Odling,Philippe Davy,Ian Main,Patience A. Cowie,Brian Berkowitz +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the accurate and practical estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions of natural fracture systems, including length, displacement and aperture power law exponents.
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Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence of the North Anatolian fault. But they do not consider the effects of the sudden stress changes in the Coulomb failure stress.
References
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Surface faulting accompanying the Borah Peak earthquake and segmentation of the lost river fault, central Idaho
Anthony J. Crone,Michael N. Machette,Manuel G. Bonilla,James J. Lienkaemper,Kenneth L. Pierce,William E. Scott,Robert C. Bucknam +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a Y-shaped zone of surface faults that is divided into a southern, a western, and a northern section is described, with the largest amount of net slip, most complex rupture patterns, and best evidence of sinistral slip.
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Displacement on the san andreas fault subsequent to the 1966 parkfield earthquake
Stewart W. Smith,Max Wyss +1 more
TL;DR: In the year following the Parkfield earthquake, a maximum of at least 20 cm of displacement occurred on a 30 km section of the San Andreas fault, which far exceeded the surficial displacement at the time of the earthquake as mentioned in this paper.
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Mechanisms of high temperature frictional sliding in Westerly granite
TL;DR: In this paper, the mechanisms of frictional sliding in faulted Westerly granite were studied in two ways: optical and a transmission electron microscope, and the experimental activation energy was measured from 300 to 700 °C at 2.5'kbar (2.5') pressure and sliding rates from 10−5 to 10−2'cm/s.
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Stress measurements at depth in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault: Implications for the magnitude of shear stress at depth
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured both the variation of stress with distance from the San Andreas fault in relatively shallow (∼230 m) wells and the variation with depth in a ∼1-km-deep well located 4 km from the fault.
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The critical slip distance for seismic faulting
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that geometrically unmated fractal surfaces, when in contact under a normal load, develop a characteristic length in their contact because longwavelength apertures close under load whereas short-wavelength anteries may remain open, and calculations based on fault topography data show that at seismogenic depths it will be in the range anticipated from the earthquake modelling studies.