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The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting
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TLDR
The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws -producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events.Abstract:
This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.read more
Citations
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Fault zone architecture and permeability structure
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed qualitative and quantitative schemes for evaluating fault-related permeability structures by using results of field investigations, laboratory permeability measurements, and numerical models offlow within and near fault zones.
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Earthquakes and friction laws
TL;DR: The traditional view of tectonics is that the lithosphere comprises a strong brittle layer overlying a weak ductile layer, which gives rise to two forms of deformation: brittle fracture, accompanied by earth-quakes, in the upper layer, and aseismic ductile flow in the layer beneath as mentioned in this paper.
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Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between friction and the properties of earthquake faults is presented, as well as an interpretation of the friction state variable, including its interpretation as a measure of average asperity contact time and porosity within granular fault gouge.
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Scaling of fracture systems in geological media
E. Bonnet,Olivier Bour,Noelle E. Odling,Philippe Davy,Ian Main,Patience A. Cowie,Brian Berkowitz +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the accurate and practical estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions of natural fracture systems, including length, displacement and aperture power law exponents.
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Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence of the North Anatolian fault. But they do not consider the effects of the sudden stress changes in the Coulomb failure stress.
References
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Earthquake doublets in the Solomon Islands
Thorne Lay,Hiroo Kanamori +1 more
TL;DR: A detailed analysis of the seismic body waves and surface waves were performed on the 1971, 1974, and 1975 doublets, providing a better understanding of the mechanics of seismic triggering, the state of stress on the fault plane, and the nature of subduction between the Pacific and Indian plates as mentioned in this paper.
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Fluid infiltration into fault zones: Chemical, isotopic, and mechanical effects
TL;DR: Fluid infiltration into fault zones and their deeper-level counterparts, brittle-ductile shear zones, is examined in diverse tectonic environments in this paper, where the authors show that these transcrustal faults were used as a conduit for the ascent of trondhjemitic magmas from the base of the crust and of alkaline magmas of the asthenosphere and for discharge of thousands of cubic kilometres of hydrothermal fluids.
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Volcanoes as Possible Indicators of Tectonic Stress Orientation—Aleutians and Alaska
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for obtaining from volcanic surface features the orientations of the principal tectonic stresses is applied to Aleutian and Alaskan volcanoes, based on the recognition of the preferred orientation of radial and parallel dike swarms, primarily using the distribution of monogenetic craters including flank volcanoes.
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Pressure solution at grain-to-grain contacts
TL;DR: The concept of pressure solution does not contradict any thermodynamic principle; in particular, it does not require that the chemical component of the solid have a smaller partial volume in solution than in the solid state.
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Likelihood analysis of earthquake catalogues
TL;DR: In this article, the authors apply several classes of stochastic multidimensional models to statistical analysis of earthquake catalogues using likelihood methods and find that most distributions controlling earthquake interaction have a fractal or scale-invariant form.