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The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting

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TLDR
The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws -producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events.
Abstract
This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Fault zone architecture and permeability structure

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed qualitative and quantitative schemes for evaluating fault-related permeability structures by using results of field investigations, laboratory permeability measurements, and numerical models offlow within and near fault zones.
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Earthquakes and friction laws

TL;DR: The traditional view of tectonics is that the lithosphere comprises a strong brittle layer overlying a weak ductile layer, which gives rise to two forms of deformation: brittle fracture, accompanied by earth-quakes, in the upper layer, and aseismic ductile flow in the layer beneath as mentioned in this paper.
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Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between friction and the properties of earthquake faults is presented, as well as an interpretation of the friction state variable, including its interpretation as a measure of average asperity contact time and porosity within granular fault gouge.
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Scaling of fracture systems in geological media

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the accurate and practical estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions of natural fracture systems, including length, displacement and aperture power law exponents.
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Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering

TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence of the North Anatolian fault. But they do not consider the effects of the sudden stress changes in the Coulomb failure stress.
References
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Active faulting and block rotations in the Western Transverse Ranges, California

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the results of five years of VLBI measurements in conjunction with data on slip vectors of major earthquakes and the dominant westerly trend of faults and blocks to argue that these data are consistent with the concept that rotations about vertical axes in the western Transverse Ranges in California continue at rates of several degrees per million years.
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Lubrication by Lamellar Solids

TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study has been made of the friction properties of graphite, molybdenum disulphide, boron nitride and talc.
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Structural aspects of fluid-rock interactions in detachment zones

Stephen J. Reynolds, +1 more
- 01 Apr 1987 - 
TL;DR: In this article, structural and geochemical data suggest that normal displacement on detachment zones results in establishment of two fluid systems: (1) an upper-plate system driven by convection and dominated by meteoric and connate fluids at nearhydrostatic pressures and (2) a system within deeper levels of the shear zone, where fluids are largely derived from igneous sources and fluid migration is aided by dilatancy pumping.
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Crustal deformation in great California earthquake cycles

TL;DR: In this paper, a generalized Elsasser model was proposed to describe the time dependence of deep slip and crustal stress build up throughout the earthquake cycle, where loading is represented as imposed uniform dislocation slip on the fault below the locked zone.
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Transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline rocks

TL;DR: In this article, transient creep and semibrittle behavior of crystalline solids were analyzed at high effective confining pressure and the results showed that thermally-activated microfracturing probably dominates the creep rate.
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