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The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting
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TLDR
The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws -producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events.Abstract:
This essential reference for graduate students and researchers provides a unified treatment of earthquakes and faulting as two aspects of brittle tectonics at different timescales. The intimate connection between the two is manifested in their scaling laws and populations, which evolve from fracture growth and interactions between fractures. The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws - producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events. The third edition of this classic treatise presents a wealth of new topics and new observations. These include slow earthquake phenomena; friction of phyllosilicates, and at high sliding velocities; fault structures; relative roles of strong and seismogenic versus weak and creeping faults; dynamic triggering of earthquakes; oceanic earthquakes; megathrust earthquakes in subduction zones; deep earthquakes; and new observations of earthquake precursory phenomena.read more
Citations
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Fault zone architecture and permeability structure
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed qualitative and quantitative schemes for evaluating fault-related permeability structures by using results of field investigations, laboratory permeability measurements, and numerical models offlow within and near fault zones.
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Earthquakes and friction laws
TL;DR: The traditional view of tectonics is that the lithosphere comprises a strong brittle layer overlying a weak ductile layer, which gives rise to two forms of deformation: brittle fracture, accompanied by earth-quakes, in the upper layer, and aseismic ductile flow in the layer beneath as mentioned in this paper.
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Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between friction and the properties of earthquake faults is presented, as well as an interpretation of the friction state variable, including its interpretation as a measure of average asperity contact time and porosity within granular fault gouge.
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Scaling of fracture systems in geological media
E. Bonnet,Olivier Bour,Noelle E. Odling,Philippe Davy,Ian Main,Patience A. Cowie,Brian Berkowitz +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the accurate and practical estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions of natural fracture systems, including length, displacement and aperture power law exponents.
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Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the mapped surface slip and fault geometry to infer the transfer of stress throughout the sequence of the North Anatolian fault. But they do not consider the effects of the sudden stress changes in the Coulomb failure stress.
References
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Earthquake Prediction: Variation of Seismic Velocities before the San Francisco Earthquake.
TL;DR: The duration of the precursor period is proportional to the square of an effective fault dimension, which indicates that a diffusive or fluid-flow phenomenon controls the time interval between the initiation of dilatancy and the return to a fully saturated condition which is required for rupture.
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Displacement distribution along minor fault traces
Hirofumi Muraoka,Hiroki Kamata +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the variation of displacement along fifteen traces of minor normal faults was measured in the multilayered Quaternary sediments of Kyushu, Japan, and two distinct types of faults, a cone-shaped L-D pattern (C-type) and mesa-shaped one (M-type), were detected.
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Scaling rules in rock fracture and possible implications for earthquake prediction
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model based on scaling laws was proposed for fracture of rocks, which yields a criterion for fragility at different scales and views rupture as a critical point.
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Energy Release in Earthquakes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors extended the notion of static elasticity to include the problem of the energy release upon the introduction of a tear fault into an otherwise homogeneous medium subjected to a uniform shear stress.
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On the nomenclature of mode of failure transitions in rocks
TL;DR: In this article, a simple diagrammatic visualization of the concepts of mode-of-failure transitions is proposed, and it is suggested that the nomenclature of mode of failure of rocks be rationalized, in the face of growing prospects of imprecision and misunderstandings of the communication of data and ideas.