Journal ArticleDOI
The ParaHox gene cluster is an evolutionary sister of the Hox gene cluster
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TLDR
It is proposed that the origin of distinct Hox and ParaHox genes by gene-cluster duplication facilitated an increase in body complexity during the Cambrian explosion and it is argued that this ‘ParaHox’ gene cluster is an ancient paralogue of the Hox gene cluster.Abstract:
Genes of the Hox cluster are restricted to the animal kingdom and play a central role in axial patterning in divergent animal phyla1. Despite its evolutionary and developmental significance, the origin of the Hox gene cluster is obscure. The consensus is that a primordial Hox cluster arose by tandem gene duplication close to animal origins2,3,4,5. Several homeobox genes with high sequence identity to Hox genes are found outside the Hox cluster and are known as ‘dispersed’ Hox-like genes; these genes may have been transposed away from an expanding cluster6. Here we show that three of these dispersed homeobox genes form a novel gene cluster in the cephalochordate amphioxus. We argue that this ‘ParaHox’ gene cluster is an ancient paralogue (evolutionary sister) of the Hox gene cluster; the two gene clusters arose by duplication of a ProtoHox gene cluster. Furthermore, we show that amphioxus ParaHox genes have co-linear developmental expression patterns in anterior, middle and posterior tissues. We propose that the origin of distinct Hox and ParaHox genes by gene-cluster duplication facilitated an increase in body complexity during the Cambrian explosion.read more
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Notch signalling controls pancreatic cell differentiation
Åsa Apelqvist,Hao Li,Lukas Sommer,Paul Beatus,David J. Anderson,Tasuku Honjo,Martin Hrabě de Angelis,Urban Lendahl,Helena Edlund +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that ngn3 acts as pro-endocrine gene and that Notch signalling is critical for the decision between theendocrine and progenitor/exocrine fates in the developing pancreas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Duplication and Divergence: The Evolution of New Genes and Old Ideas
John S. Taylor,Jeroen Raes +1 more
TL;DR: Concept and technological advances in gene duplication research from this early research in comparative cytology up to recent research on whole genomes, "transcriptomes," and "interactomes" are document.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genomes of four tapeworm species reveal adaptations to parasitism
Isheng J. Tsai,Magdalena Zarowiecki,Nancy Holroyd,Alejandro Garciarrubio,Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,Karen Brooks,Alan Tracey,Raúl J. Bobes,Gladis Fragoso,Edda Sciutto,Martin Aslett,Helen Beasley,Hayley M. Bennett,Jianping Cai,Federico Camicia,Richard Clark,Marcela Alejandra Cucher,Nishadi De Silva,Tim A. Day,Peter Deplazes,Karel Estrada,Cecilia Fernández,Peter W. H. Holland,Junling Hou,Songnian Hu,Thomas Huckvale,Stacy S. Hung,Laura Kamenetzky,Jacqueline A. Keane,Ferenc Kiss,Uriel Koziol,Olivia Lambert,Kan Liu,Xuenong Luo,Yingfeng Luo,Natalia Macchiaroli,Sarah Nichol,Jordi Paps,John Parkinson,Natasha Pouchkina-Stantcheva,Nick Riddiford,Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit,Gustavo Salinas,James D. Wasmuth,Mostafa Zamanian,Yadong Zheng,Xuepeng Cai,Xavier Soberón,Peter D. Olson,Juan Pedro Laclette,Klaus Brehm,Matthew Berriman +51 more
TL;DR: An analysis of tapeworm genome sequences using the human-infective species Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Taenia solium and the laboratory model Hymenolepis microstoma offers insights into the evolution of parasitism and identifies new potential drug targets.
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Vertebrate endoderm development
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hox cofactors in vertebrate development.
Cecilia B. Moens,Licia Selleri +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence that homeodomain-containing transcription factors that pattern the body axes of animal embryos reflect a requirement for Pbx and Meis/Prep proteins as Hox cofactors is described and the possibility that other proteins may participate in the DNA-bound Hox complex, contributing to DNA-binding specificity in the absence of, or in addition to, PbX and MeIS/Prep.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Insulin-promoter-factor 1 is required for pancreas development in mice
TL;DR: The findings show that IPF1 is needed for the formation of the pancreas and suggest that it acts to determine the fate of common pancreatic precursor cells and/ or to regulate their propagation.
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PDX-1 is required for pancreatic outgrowth and differentiation of the rostral duodenum
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TL;DR: The pdx-1/beta-galactosidase fusion allele is expressed in pancreatic and duodenal cells in the absence of functional PDX-1, with expression continuing into perinatal stages with similar boundaries and expression levels, and offers additional insight into the role of p dx-1 in the determination and differentiation of the posterior foregut.
Journal ArticleDOI
The zootype and the phylotypic stage.
TL;DR: The definition provided here, made on the basis of developmental biology, suggests methods for resolving phylogenetic problems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Visualization of gene expression in living adult Drosophila.
TL;DR: To identify genes involved in the patterning of adult structures, Gal4-UAS (upstream activating site) technology was used to visualize patterns of gene expression directly in living flies, revealing previously unsuspected genetic subdivisions of the thorax which may control the disposition of pattern elements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Archetypal organization of the amphioxus Hox gene cluster.
TL;DR: The amphioxus genome has only one Hox gene cluster, and contains homologues of at least the first ten paralogous groups of vertebrate Hox genes in a collinear array, compatible with that inferred for a direct ancestor of the vertebrates.