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Journal ArticleDOI

The requirements, challenges, and technologies for 5G of terrestrial mobile telecommunication

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TLDR
In this article, the authors summarize the 5G mobile communication requirements and challenges and present a potential step change for the evolution toward 5G, which shows that macro-local coexisting and coordinating paths will replace one macrodominated path as in 4G and before.
Abstract
In this article, we summarize the 5G mobile communication requirements and challenges. First, essential requirements for 5G are pointed out, including higher traffic volume, indoor or hotspot traffic, and spectrum, energy, and cost efficiency. Along with these changes of requirements, we present a potential step change for the evolution toward 5G, which shows that macro-local coexisting and coordinating paths will replace one macro-dominated path as in 4G and before. We hereafter discuss emerging technologies for 5G within international mobile telecommunications. Challenges and directions in hardware, including integrated circuits and passive components, are also discussed. Finally, a whole picture for the evolution to 5G is predicted and presented.

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Obstacles in grid rolling out from 4G to 5G in Iraq

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Device-to-device communication as an underlay to LTE-advanced networks

TL;DR: Device-to-device (D2D) communication underlaying a 3GPP LTE-Advanced cellular network is studied as an enabler of local services with limited interference impact on the primary cellular network.
Book

4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced to provide a complete picture of the LTE system, including the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Practical, real-time, full duplex wireless

TL;DR: Experimental results show that a re- design of the wireless network stack to exploit full duplex capability can result in significant improvements in network performance.
Book

Mobile Communications Engineering

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the characteristics of mobile radio signals and apply statistical communication theory to propagation and received signal characteristics, and provide a discussion of system performance and how to evaluate a new system.
Journal ArticleDOI

Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity: first experimental test

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown experimentally that two beams of incoherent radio waves, transmitted on the same frequency but encoded in two different orbital angular momentum states, can simultaneously transmit two independent radio channels.
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