The ring test: a quantitative method for assessing the 'cataleptic' effect of cannabis in mice.
TLDR
It is concluded that Δ1‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ1‐THC) is largely responsible for the effect of cannabis extract on mobility; the potency ratio of Δ1-THC to cannabis extract is between 10 and 20.Abstract:
1. A bioassay for cannabis, called the ring test, has been developed in which the percentage of the total time spent on a horizontal wire ring during which a mouse remains completely immobile is recorded.2. The effect of cannabis on mobility is a dose-related, graded response.3. Threshold doses of cannabis extract are 12.5 mg/kg when injected intravenously, and 100 mg/kg when injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously.4. The method provides a measure of the ;cataleptic' effect of cannabis. Chlorpromazine in doses of 1 mg/kg upwards also produces the effect but barbitone does not.5. It is concluded that Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(1)-THC) is largely responsible for the effect of cannabis extract on mobility; the potency ratio of Delta(1)-THC to cannabis extract is between 10 and 20. Delta(1)-Tetrahydrocannabidivarol (Delta(1)-THD) also affects mobility but is less active than Delta(1)-THC. Cannabidiol has no effect when injected intraperitoneally in doses up to 100 mg/kg.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors.
Raphael Mechoulam,Shimon Ben-Shabat,Lumir Hanus,Moshe Ligumsky,Norbert E. Kaminski,Anthony R. Schatz,Asher Gopher,Shlomo Almog,Billy R. Martin,David R. Compton,Roger G. Pertwee,Graeme Griffin,Michael Bayewitch,Jacob Barg,Zvi Vogel +14 more
TL;DR: Upon intravenous administration to mice, 2-Ara-Gl caused the typical tetrad of effects produced by THC: antinociception, immobility, reduction of spontaneous activity, and lowering of the rectal temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
SR141716A, a potent and selective antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor
Murielle Rinaldi-Carmona,Francis Barth,Michel Heaulme,David Shire,Bernard Calandra,Christian Congy,Serge Martinez,Jeanne Maruani,Gervais Neliat,Daniel Caput,P. Ferrara,Philippe Soubrie,J. C. Breliere,Gérard Le Fur +13 more
TL;DR: SR141716A is the first selective and orally active antagonist of the brain cannabinoid receptor and should prove to be a powerful tool for investigating the in vivo functions of the anandamide/cannabinoid system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice
TL;DR: Most, but not all, CNS effects of Delta9-THC are mediated by the CB1 receptor, which accounts for the abuse potential of cannabis, while other effects such as analgesia suggest potential medicinal applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether, an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor
Lumir Hanus,Saleh Abu-Lafi,Ester Fride,Aviva Breuer,Zvi Vogel,Deborah E. Shalev,Irina Kustanovich,Raphael Mechoulam +7 more
TL;DR: Two types of endogenous cannabinoid-receptor agonists have been identified thus far and an example of a third, ether-type endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonyl glyceryl ether (noladin ether), isolated from porcine brain is reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors.
Ja Hyun Baik,Roberto Picetti,Adolfo Saiardi,G. Thiriet,Andrée Dierich,Antoine Depaulis,Marianne Le Meur,Emiliana Borrelli +7 more
TL;DR: This study shows that D2 receptors have a key role in the dopaminergic control of nervous function, using homologous recombination to generate D2-receptor-deficient mice, which have therapeutic potential as a model for investigating and correcting dysfunctions of the dopamine system.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Preliminary Experiments on the Chemistry and Pharmacology of Cannabis
TL;DR: There are at least six pharmacologically effective components of cannabis and their effects on mice include a lowering of body temperature, catalepsy, analgesia and an extension of barbiturate sleeping time, with doses from 25 to 200 mg/kg.
Journal ArticleDOI
1-δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects in the Mouse
TL;DR: Administration of pure 1-δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol to mice had the following dose-dependent nzeurochemical and behavioral effects: a slight but significant increase in concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine in whole brain; a decrease in concentration of norepinephrine in brain after administration of low doses and an increase after high doses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychopharmacological activity of the active constituents of hashish and some related cannabinoids.
Yona Grunfeld,H. Edery +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that Rhesus monkeys might serve as a suitable model for assessing the psychopharmacological activity of active cannabinoids as well as the behavioural changes elicited by compounds (I) and (III) in monkeys.
Journal ArticleDOI
Activity of Δ8-and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Related Compounds in the Mouse
HD Christensen,RI Freudenthal,JT Gidley,Roni Rosenfeld,G Boegli,L Testino,Dolores R. Brine,C Pitt,Monroe E. Wall +8 more
TL;DR: The 11-hydroxy metabolites of Δ8.- and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol are more active than the parent compounds when administered to mice by either the intravenous or intracerebral route.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of cannabis and certain of its constituents on pentobarbitone sleeping time and phenazone metabolism
TL;DR: It is concluded that cannabis extract inhibits microsomal activity of mouse liver, chiefly by virtue of its cannabidiol content, and it is probable that cannabis consumption by man could lead to altered disposal of many other drugs, used in medicine or otherwise.