The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women.
Yihan Li,Steven H. Aggen,Shenxun Shi,Jun Gao,Ming Tao,Kerang Zhang,X Wang,Chengge Gao,Lijun Yang,Liu Ying,Keqing Li,Jianguo Shi,Gang Wang,Lanfen Liu,J Zhang,Bo Du,Guoqing Jiang,Jianhua Shen,Zhiyong Zhang,Wei Liang,Sun Jing,Jian Hu,Tieqiao Liu,Guodong Miao,Huaqing Meng,Chunmei Hu,Guangshun Huang,Gongying Li,Baowei Ha,Hong Deng,Qiyi Mei,Hui Zhong,Shugui Gao,Hong Sang,Yutang Zhang,Xiang Fang,Fengyu Yu,Donglin Yang,Yunchun Chen,Xiaohong Hong,Wenyuan Wu,Gang Chen,Min Cai,Yan Song,Jiyang Pan,Jicheng Dong,Runde Pan,Wei Zhang,Zhenming Shen,Z. X. Liu,Danhua Gu,Xiaojuan Liu,Qiwen Zhang,Jonathan Flint,Kenneth S. Kendler +54 more
TLDR
Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen inWestern populations suggest that the results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.Abstract:
Background The symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome? Method Symptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples. Results The preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety. Conclusions MD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.read more
Citations
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A Unified Model of Depression Integrating Clinical, Cognitive, Biological, and Evolutionary Perspectives
Aaron T. Beck,Keith Bredemeier +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, depression can be viewed as an adaptation to conserve energy after the perceived loss of an investment in a vital resource such as a relationship, group identity, or personal asset.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reevaluating the Efficacy and Predictability of Antidepressant Treatments: A Symptom Clustering Approach
Adam M Chekroud,Ralitza Gueorguieva,Harlan M. Krumholz,Madhukar H. Trivedi,John H. Krystal,Gregory McCarthy +5 more
TL;DR: Antidepressants in general were more effective for core emotional symptoms than for sleep or atypical symptoms and two common checklists used to measure depressive severity can produce statistically reliable clusters of symptoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The clinical characterization of the adult patient with depression aimed at personalization of management
Mario Maj,Dan J. Stein,Gordon Parker,Mark Zimmerman,Giovanni A. Fava,Marc De Hert,Koen Demyttenaere,Roger S. McIntyre,Thomas A. Widiger,Hans-Ulrich Wittchen +9 more
TL;DR: Some sections of the paper indicate that the modern management of depression is becoming increasingly complex, with several components other than simply the choice of an antidepressant and/or a psychotherapy, some of which can already be reliably personalized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reviewing the genetics of heterogeneity in depression: operationalizations, manifestations and etiologies.
TL;DR: Recent efforts to identify depression subtypes using clinical and data-driven approaches are reviewed, differences in genetic architecture of depression across contexts are examined, and it is argued that heterogeneity in operationalizations of depression is likely a considerable source of inconsistency.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subtypes of major depression: latent class analysis in depressed Han Chinese women.
Yihan Li,Steven H. Aggen,Shenxun Shi,Jun Gao,Ming Tao,Kerang Zhang,X Wang,Chengge Gao,Lijun Yang,Liu Ying,Keqing Li,Jianguo Shi,Gang Wang,Lanfen Liu,J Zhang,Bo Du,Guoqing Jiang,Jianhua Shen,Zhiyong Zhang,Wei Liang,Sun Jing,Jian Hu,Tieqiao Liu,Guodong Miao,Huaqing Meng,Chunmei Hu,Guangshun Huang,Gongying Li,Baowei Ha,Hong Deng,Qiyi Mei,Hui Zhong,Shugui Gao,Hong Sang,Yutang Zhang,Xiang Fang,Fengyu Yu,Donglin Yang,Yunchun Chen,Xiaohong Hong,Wenyuan Wu,Gang Chen,Min Cai,Yan Song,Jiyang Pan,Jicheng Dong,Runde Pan,Wei Zhang,Zhenming Shen,Z. X. Liu,Danhua Gu,Xiaojuan Liu,Qiwen Zhang,Jonathan Flint,Kenneth S. Kendler +54 more
TL;DR: Three subtypes were most consistently identified in analyses: severe, atypical and non-suicidal, which may represent a pathoplastic variant reflecting Chinese cultural influences.
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