Showing papers in "World Psychiatry in 2020"

TL;DR: A systematic meta‐review of the top‐tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders concludes that poor sleep is a risk factor for mental illness.

TL;DR: The need for an extension of generic psychiatric services to include preconception care, and further investment into public health interventions in addition to perinatal mental health services, potentially for women and men, to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality is highlighted.

TL;DR: The mhGAP-IG V2.0 training package as mentioned in this paper provides a framework for assessing and managing priority mental health conditions in non-specialist health care providers in delivering care for MNS conditions.

TL;DR: Converging evidence indicates that genetic and environmental risk factors for schizophrenia underlie disruption of glutamatergic and dopaminergic function, however, while genetic influences may directly underlie glutamatorgic dysfunction, few genetic risk variants directly implicate the dopamine system, indicating that aberrant dopamine signalling is likely to be predominantly due to other factors.

TL;DR: The combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy seems to be the best choice for patients with moderate depression, in a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the risk of hospitalization due to physical health problems, as a marker for severe physical morbidity, and risk of all-cause mortality, as well as of cardiovascular and suicidal death, associated with antipsychotic use in all patients treated for schizophrenia in inpatient care between 1972 and 2014 in Finland (N=62,250), with up to 20 years of follow-up (median: 14.1 years).

TL;DR: A systematic description of the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on suicide risk at the society, community, family and individual levels, and an overview of how evidence‐based suicide preventive interventions should be adapted are found.

TL;DR: It appears to have increased the frequency of cannabis use among adults, but not so far among youth, and the impact of legalizing adult recreational use on cannabis price, availability, potency and use; and regulatory policies that may increase or limit adverse effects of legalization is reviewed.

TL;DR: The results of this comprehensive and updated quantitative systematic meta‐review of top‐tier evidence regarding the safety of antidepressants, antipsychotics, anti‐ADHD medications and mood stabilizers in children and adolescents can inform clinical practice, research and treatment guidelines.

TL;DR: Some sections of the paper indicate that the modern management of depression is becoming increasingly complex, with several components other than simply the choice of an antidepressant and/or a psychotherapy, some of which can already be reliably personalized.

TL;DR: From this discussion, the main challenges that are faced when trying to take evidence from research and translating it into policy or practice recommendations are pulled out, and from there to actual implementation in terms of better treatment and care.

TL;DR: Evidence is synthesized on the validity and utility of the thought disorder and detachment spectra of HiTOP, which demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and higher acceptability to clinicians.

TL;DR: The study revealed that the COVID-19 epidemic caused a sharp increase in the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general adult population in China, compared to the prevalence in 2019, which is likely explained by excessive media coverage.

TL;DR: Findings from three high‐risk cohorts, each tapping a distinct disruption to maternal‐infant bonding (prematurity, maternal depression, and early life stress/trauma), and followed from birth to adolescence/young adulthood, demonstrate how components of the neurobiology of affiliation confer resilience and uniquely shape the social brain.

TL;DR: It is argued that staging models must go beyond illness progression to capture additional dimensions of illness extension as evidenced by emergence of mental or physical comorbidity/complexity or a marked change in a linked biological construct.

TL;DR: The approach to mental health is comprehensive, not only focusing on responding to the current crisis and recovery after the crisis, but also on preparedness and getting services ready in countries before the next emergency through supporting countries in establishing community based mental health services for everyone everywhere.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that flourishing and resilience can be promoted by specific interventions leading to a positive evaluation of one's self, a sense of continuing growth and development, the belief that life is purposeful and meaningful, satisfaction with one's relations with others, the capacity to manage effectively one's life, and asense of self‐determination.

TL;DR: This essay summarizes and builds on a position paper produced by the WPA Standing Committee on Ethics and Review to provide ethical guidance to the profes­ sion on the issues raised by the COVID­19 pandemic, adding more recent infor­ mation.

TL;DR: Psychiatrists will have to be ready to face not only the acute reactions to the pandemic, that generally are self-limiting, but also its long-term consequences, due to the convergence of a variety of factors.

TL;DR: It might eventually turn out that there is a chance of causal treatment for schizophrenia realized by the development of new antibiotics against latent toxoplasmosis, rather than (or in addition to) reiterating attempts to ameliorate epiphenomena of the condition.

TL;DR: The data suggest that pediatric antipsychotic‐related overweight/obesity can be reduced by adding metformin or switching to a lower risk antipsychotics, and healthy lifestyle education is not sufficient to prevent ongoing BMI z‐score increase.

TL;DR: Novel estimates related to the “force of comorbidity” are reported and new insights are provided into the contribution of substance use disorders to premature mortality in those withComorbid mental disorders.

TL;DR: Although the psychosis high‐risk state displayed a high relative risk for clinical psychosis outcome even after adjusting for other psychopathology, the PAF was comparatively low, given the low prevalence of psychosis high-risk states in the population.

TL;DR: One implication is that any clinical explanation for experiences should be offered with tentativeness rather than authority, and clinicians might usefully sign-post service users towards alternative perspectives, such as Alternatives To Suicide, Hearing Voices Network, Mad Pride, positive psychotherapy for psychosis, post-traumatic growth, spiritual emergence, and trauma-informed approaches.

TL;DR: For digital phenotyping of psychiatric disorders to be considered on-par with that of biomedical disorders more generally, their psychometrics need to be similarly precise and precision can be achieved through deliberate consideration of “resolution”.

TL;DR: A close reading of Emil Kraepelin's introductory textbook chapter is provided, that presents his general principles of nosology, which emerged over the course of the eight editions of Kraetelin's textbook and were informed by his own research and by available scientific methods.