Book ChapterDOI
The suprachiasmatic nucleus-paraventricular nucleus interactions: a bridge to the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system.
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that VP containing pathways from the SCN serve to affect neuroendocrine and 'autonomic' neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and serves to inhibit corticosterone secretion, not only by affecting ACTH secretion but also by controlling the adrenal cortex via a neuronal route.Abstract:
Vasopressin (VP) is one of the principal neurotransmitters of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) By means of anatomical, physiological and electrophysiological techniques we have demonstrated that VP containing pathways from the SCN serve to affect neuroendocrine and 'autonomic' neurons in the paraventricular nucleus By direct and indirect connections VP serves to inhibit corticosterone secretion, not only by affecting ACTH secretion but also by controlling the adrenal cortex via a neuronal route Apart from controlling the pineal and adrenal, we also observed that the SCN is able to influence the heart Subjecting rats or humans to light affects heart rate in a dose-dependent manner These results suggest an important role for the SCN and VP in the SCN in the regulation of neuroendocrine and autonomic functionsread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vasopressin and oxytocin release within the brain: a dynamic concept of multiple and variable modes of neuropeptide communication
Rainer Landgraf,Inga D. Neumann +1 more
TL;DR: This concept considers neuropeptides in the extracellular fluid of the brain rather than those in the cerebrospinal fluid or plasma as primary signals, triggering a variety of receptor-mediated effects, including those underlying behavioral and neuroendocrine regulation and psychopathology.
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Timing to Perfection: The Biology of Central and Peripheral Circadian Clocks
TL;DR: This review will highlight the relationship between clocks and metabolism, and describe how cues such as light, food, and reward mediate entrainment of the circadian system.
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Physiological effects of melatonin: role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways.
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TL;DR: The evidence concerning melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways in various organs is reviewed and their relevance to circadian physiology and pathogenesis of certain human diseases, with a focus on the brain, the cardiovascular and immune systems, and cancer is considered.
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Contribution of circadian physiology and sleep homeostasis to age-related changes in human sleep.
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Journal ArticleDOI
The suprachiasmatic nucleus and the circadian time-keeping system revisited
TL;DR: A review of new developments concerning the properties of the SCN and the mechanisms of circadian time-keeping, including the roles of SCN neuropeptide/neurotransmitter systems, and current knowledge ofSCN input and output pathways is summarized.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat.
TL;DR: The purpose of the present study was to reinvestigate the role of the central retinal projections in neuroendocrine regulation and find that lesions in the suprachiasmatic region of the hypothalamus abolish the constant estrous response to light in the female rat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light Suppresses Melatonin Secretion in Humans
TL;DR: Findings establish that the human response to light is qualitatively similar to that of other mammals.
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Transplanted suprachiasmatic nucleus determines circadian period
TL;DR: The pacemaker role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in a mammalian circadian system was tested by neural transplantation by using a mutant strain of hamster that shows a short circadian period to restore circadian rhythms to arrhythmic animals whose own nucleus had been ablated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms
TL;DR: It is suggested that the SCN contains a large population of autonomous, single-cell circadian oscillators, and that synapses formed in vitro are neither necessary for operation of these oscillators nor sufficient for synchronizing them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning and characterization of a mammalian melatonin receptor that mediates reproductive and circadian responses
TL;DR: The cloning and characterization of a high affinity receptor for melatonin from the sheep and human is reported, likely mediates the reproductive and circadian actions of melatonin in mammals.