The timetable of evolution
Andrew H. Knoll,Martin A. Nowak +1 more
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TLDR
The integration of fossils, phylogeny, and geochronology has resulted in an increasingly well-resolved timetable of evolution, and interactions between new functions enabled by the accumulation of characters in a complex regulatory environment and changing biological components of effective environments have an important influence on the timing of evolutionary innovations.Abstract:
The integration of fossils, phylogeny, and geochronology has resulted in an increasingly well-resolved timetable of evolution Life appears to have taken root before the earliest known minimally metamorphosed sedimentary rocks were deposited, but for a billion years or more, evolution played out beneath an essentially anoxic atmosphere Oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere and surface oceans first rose in the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) 24 billion years ago, and a second increase beginning in the later Neoproterozoic Era [Neoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (NOE)] established the redox profile of modern oceans The GOE facilitated the emergence of eukaryotes, whereas the NOE is associated with large and complex multicellular organisms Thus, the GOE and NOE are fundamental pacemakers for evolution On the time scale of Earth's entire 4 billion-year history, the evolutionary dynamics of the planet's biosphere appears to be fast, and the pace of evolution is largely determined by physical changes of the planet However, in Phanerozoic ecosystems, interactions between new functions enabled by the accumulation of characters in a complex regulatory environment and changing biological components of effective environments appear to have an important influence on the timing of evolutionary innovations On the much shorter time scale of transient environmental perturbations, such as those associated with mass extinctions, rates of genetic accommodation may have been limiting for liferead more
Citations
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I. the origin of species by means of natural selection
AsaHG Gray,A. Hunter Dupree +1 more
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Transferrin and transferrin receptors update.
TL;DR: An update and summary on the knowledge of mammalian Tf and its receptors is provided and apo‐Tf has been explored for various clinical conditions including atransferrinemia, iron overload, and tissue ischemia.
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Integrated genomic and fossil evidence illuminates life's early evolution and eukaryote origin.
Holly C. Betts,Mark N. Puttick,Mark N. Puttick,James W. Clark,Tom A. Williams,Philip C. J. Donoghue,Davide Pisani +6 more
TL;DR: The last universal common ancestor of cellular life is found to have predated the end of late heavy bombardment, and a timescale of life is derived, combining a reappraisal of the fossil material with new molecular clock analyses.
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The Archean atmosphere
David C. Catling,Kevin Zahnle +1 more
TL;DR: The Archean eon data imply that substantial loss of hydrogen oxidized the Earth, and detailed understanding of the coevolving solid Earth, biosphere, and atmosphere remains elusive, however.
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Metagenomics reshapes the concepts of RNA virus evolution by revealing extensive horizontal virus transfer.
TL;DR: Comparison of the genome architectures of RNA viruses discovered by metagenomics and by traditional methods reveals an extent of gene module shuffling among diverse virus genomes that far exceeds the previous appreciation of this evolutionary phenomenon.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Prokaryotes: The unseen majority
TL;DR: The number of prokaryotes and the total amount of their cellular carbon on earth are estimated to be 4-6 x 10(30) cells and 350-550 Pg of C (1 Pg = 10(15) g), respectively, which is 60-100% of the estimated total carbon in plants.
Book
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
TL;DR: Barnes & Noble Classics as mentioned in this paper is a collection of books based on the "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin, which is part of the "Barnes and Noble Classics" series.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction
TL;DR: A hypothesis is suggested which accounts for the extinctions and the iridium observations, and the chemical composition of the boundary clay, which is thought to come from the stratospheric dust, is markedly different from that of clay mixed with the Cretaceous and Tertiary limestones, which are chemically similar to each other.
Book ChapterDOI
I. the origin of species by means of natural selection
AsaHG Gray,A. Hunter Dupree +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg Extinction on Mammal Diversification
Robert W. Meredith,Jan E. Janecka,John Gatesy,Oliver A. Ryder,Colleen A. Fisher,Emma C. Teeling,Alisha Goodbla,Eduardo Eizirik,Taiz L. L. Simão,Tanja Stadler,Daniel L. Rabosky,Rodney L. Honeycutt,John J. Flynn,Colleen M. Ingram,Cynthia C. Steiner,Tiffani L. Williams,Terence J. Robinson,Angela Burk-Herrick,Angela Burk-Herrick,Michael Westerman,Nadia A. Ayoub,Nadia A. Ayoub,Mark S. Springer,William J. Murphy +23 more
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analysis, calibrated with fossils, resolves the time frame of the mammalian radiation and diversification analyses suggest important roles for the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted interordinal and intraordinal diversification, respectively.