Journal ArticleDOI
Transposable elements and early evolution of sex chromosomes in fish
Domitille Chalopin,Jean-Nicolas Volff,Delphine Galiana,Jennifer L. Anderson,Jennifer L. Anderson,Manfred Schartl +5 more
TLDR
The role of TEs in the initial steps of differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes is highlighted, and it is clearly demonstrated that the observed TE-rich sex determination locus originated from a TE-poor genomic region, strengthening the link between TE accumulation and emergence of the sex determination Locus.Abstract:
In many organisms, the sex chromosome pair can be recognized due to heteromorphy; the Y and W chromosomes have often lost many genes due to the absence of recombination during meiosis and are frequently heterochromatic. Repetitive sequences are found at a high proportion on such heterochromatic sex chromosomes and the evolution and emergence of sex chromosomes has been connected to the dynamics of repeats and transposable elements. With an amazing plasticity of sex determination mechanisms and numerous instances of independent emergence of novel sex chromosomes, fish represent an excellent lineage to investigate the early stages of sex chromosome differentiation, where sex chromosomes often are homomorphic and not heterochromatic. We have analyzed the composition, distribution, and relative age of TEs from available sex chromosome sequences of seven teleost fish. We observed recent bursts of TEs and simple repeat accumulations around young sex determination loci. More strikingly, we detected transposable element (TE) amplifications not only on the sex determination regions of the Y and W sex chromosomes, but also on the corresponding regions of the X and Z chromosomes. In one species, we also clearly demonstrated that the observed TE-rich sex determination locus originated from a TE-poor genomic region, strengthening the link between TE accumulation and emergence of the sex determination locus. Altogether, our results highlight the role of TEs in the initial steps of differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Repetitive DNA in eukaryotic genomes
TL;DR: A range of works involving detailed characterization of the nature of all types of repetitive sequences, in particular their organization, abundance, chromosome localization, variation in sequence within and between chromosomes, and, importantly, the investigation of their transcription or expression activity are overviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The reversible sex of gonochoristic fish: Insights and consequences
TL;DR: This review discusses sex reversal in gonochoristic fish, with the coexistence of genetic and environmental influences and studies on epigenetics are presented, since it links the environment, gene expression, and sex reversal, notably the association of DNA methylation in sex reversal.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why Do Sex Chromosomes Stop Recombining
TL;DR: Alternative, often neglected, hypotheses for recombination suppression on sex chromosomes, which invoke meiotic drive, heterozygote advantage, and genetic drift, respectively are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Landscape of snake’ sex chromosomes evolution spanning 85 MYR reveals ancestry of sequences despite distinct evolutionary trajectories
Patrik F. Viana,Tariq Ezaz,Marcelo de Bello Cioffi,Thomas Liehr,Ahmed Al-Rikabi,Leonardo Gusso Goll,Anderson Maciel Rocha,Eliana Feldberg +7 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that ancestral and recent lineages of snakes do not share the same sex chromosome and followed distinct pathways for sex chromosomes evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of vertebrate sex chromosome evolution: from equal size to giants and dwarfs.
TL;DR: It can be concluded that, due to accumulation of repetitive DNA and transposons, the Y and W chromosomes can increase in size during the initial phase of their differentiation.
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TL;DR: A high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome is generated, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map, providing a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebra fish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.
Journal ArticleDOI
A unified classification system for eukaryotic transposable elements
Thomas Wicker,François Sabot,Aurélie Hua-Van,Jeffrey L. Bennetzen,Pierre Capy,Boulos Chalhoub,Andrew J. Flavell,Philippe Leroy,Michele Morgante,Olivier Panaud,Etienne Paux,Phillip SanMiguel,Alan H. Schulman +12 more
TL;DR: This work proposes the first unified hierarchical classification system, designed on the basis of the transposition mechanism, sequence similarities and structural relationships, that can be easily applied by non-experts.