Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins isolated by selected-affinity anti-apolipoprotein B immunosorption from human atherosclerotic plaque.
Joseph H. Rapp,A Lespine,Robert L. Hamilton,N Colyvas,A H Chaumeton,J Tweedie-Hardman,Leila Kotite,Steven T. Kunitake,Richard J. Havel,John P. Kane +9 more
TLDR
Whether very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) can enter and become incorporated into the atherosclerotic lesion and how plaque apoB-containing lipoproteins differ from apoBs isolated from plasma are determined.Abstract:
We isolated and characterized immunoreactive apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins from human atherosclerotic plaque and plasma to determine whether very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) can enter and become incorporated into the atherosclerotic lesion and how plaque apoB-containing lipoproteins differ from apoB-containing lipoproteins isolated from plasma. Atherosclerotic plaques were obtained during aortic surgery and processed immediately. Lipoproteins were extracted from minced plaque in a buffered saline solution (extract A). In selected cases a second extraction was done after plaque was incubated with collagenase (extract B). Lipoproteins were then isolated from the extracts by anti-apoB immunosorption and separated into VLDL + intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) (d < 1.019 g/mL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (1.019 < d < 1.070 g/mL) fractions by ultracentrifugation. The VLDL + IDL fractions from plaque contained more than one third of the total apoB-associated lipoprotein cholesterol in both extracts A and B. The lipid composition of VLDL + IDL in both extracts was related to that of plasma VLDL + IDL. By electron microscopy mean particle diameters of VLDL + IDL from extracts A and B were 9% and 23%, respectively, greater than VLDL + IDL diameters from plasma. Mean diameters of LDL from extracts A and B were 11% and 31% greater than LDL diameters from plasma. The apoE-apoB ratio of extract A VLDL + IDL was nearly twice that of plasma VLDL + IDL and severalfold higher than that of extract A LDL. Immunoblots of both VLDL + IDL and LDL from extract A demonstrated minimal fragmentation of apoB.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)read more
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Fasting compared with nonfasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women.
TL;DR: In this cohort of initially healthy women, nonfasting triglyceride levels were associated with incident cardiovascular events, independent of traditional cardiac risk factors, levels of other lipids, and markers of insulin resistance; by contrast, fasting triglycerides showed little independent relationship.
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Subendothelial Lipoprotein Retention as the Initiating Process in Atherosclerosis: Update and Therapeutic Implications
TL;DR: The finding that certain human populations of individuals who maintain lifelong low plasma levels of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins have an ≈90% decreased risk of coronary artery disease gives hope that further understanding of the pathogenesis of this leading killer could lead to its eradication.
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Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
TL;DR: Recent studies linking fatty acids to endothelial dysfunction, together with the clear role of VLDL in the stimulation of PAI-1, further support the view that dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism sits close to the center of the pathophysiology of the insulin resistance syndrome, at least as it relates to risk for cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management
M. John Chapman,Henry N. Ginsberg,Pierre Amarenco,Felicita Andreotti,Jan Borén,Alberico L. Catapano,Olivier S. Descamps,Edward A. Fisher,Petri T. Kovanen,Jan Albert Kuivenhoven,Philippe Lesnik,Luis Masana,Børge G. Nordestgaard,Kausik K. Ray,Zeljko Reiner,Marja-Riitta Taskinen,Lale Tokgozoglu,Anne Tybjærg-Hansen,Gerald F. Watts +18 more
TL;DR: Recommendations will facilitate reduction in the substantial cardiovascular risk that persists in patients with cardiometabolic abnormalities at LDL-C goal, and that therapeutic targeting of elevated triglycerides, a marker of TRL and their remnants, and/or low HDL-C may provide further benefit.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis: central roles in lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis.
TL;DR: It is apparent that the lipolysis reaction is only partially understood, and several factors other than LPL are critical modulators of this process, in part, because the reaction requires the lipoproteins to interact with the arterial or capillary wall.
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