Type-A Arabidopsis response regulators are partially redundant negative regulators of cytokinin signaling.
Jennifer P.C. To,Georg Haberer,Fernando Ferreira,Jean Deruère,Michael G. Mason,G. Eric Schaller,Jose M. Alonso,Joseph R. Ecker,Joseph J. Kieber +8 more
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TLDR
The morphological phenotypes of some arr mutants suggest complex regulatory interactions and gene-specific functions among family members, suggesting a general involvement of type-A ARRs in light signal transduction.Abstract:
Type-A Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response regulators (ARRs) are a family of 10 genes that are rapidly induced by cytokinin and are highly similar to bacterial two-component response regulators. We have isolated T-DNA insertions in six of the type-A ARRs and constructed multiple insertional mutants, including the arr3,4,5,6,8,9 hextuple mutant. Single arr mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type in various cytokinin assays; double and higher order arr mutants showed progressively increasing sensitivity to cytokinin, indicating functional overlap among type-A ARRs and that these genes act as negative regulators of cytokinin responses. The induction of cytokinin primary response genes was amplified in arr mutants, indicating that the primary response to cytokinin is affected. Spatial patterns of ARR gene expression were consistent with partially redundant function of these genes in cytokinin signaling. The arr mutants show altered red light sensitivity, suggesting a general involvement of type-A ARRs in light signal transduction. Further, morphological phenotypes of some arr mutants suggest complex regulatory interactions and gene-specific functions among family members.read more
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Arabidopsis Cytokinin Receptor Mutants Reveal Functions in Shoot Growth, Leaf Senescence, Seed Size, Germination, Root Development, and Cytokinin Metabolism
TL;DR: Researchers used loss-of-function mutants to study three Arabidopsis thaliana sensor histidine kinases to reveal partially redundant functions of the cytokinin receptors and prominent roles for the AHK2/AHK3 receptor combination in quantitative control of organ growth in plants, with opposite regulatory functions in roots and shoots.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct control of shoot meristem activity by a cytokinin-activating enzyme.
Takashi Kurakawa,Nanae Ueda,Masahiko Maekawa,Kaoru Kobayashi,Mikiko Kojima,Yasuo Nagato,Hitoshi Sakakibara,Junko Kyozuka +7 more
TL;DR: The fine-tuning of concentrations and the spatial distribution of bioactive cytokinins by a cytokinin-activating enzyme as a mechanism that regulates meristem activity is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
WUSCHEL controls meristem function by direct regulation of cytokinin-inducible response regulators
Andrea Leibfried,Jennifer P.C. To,Wolfgang Busch,Sandra Stehling,Andreas Kehle,Monika Demar,Joseph J. Kieber,Jan U. Lohmann +7 more
TL;DR: A mechanistic link between the CLV/WUS network and hormonal control is shown and the observation that a mutant ARR7 allele, which mimics the active, phosphorylated form, causes the formation of aberrant shoot apical meristems is observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signal integration in the control of shoot branching.
TL;DR: The proposal of two models are proposed, the auxin transport canalization-based model and the second messenger model, which provide mechanistic explanations for apical dominance.
Journal ArticleDOI
In planta functions of the Arabidopsis cytokinin receptor family
Masayuki Higuchi,Melissa S. Pischke,Ari Pekka Mähönen,Kaori Miyawaki,Yukari Hashimoto,Motoaki Seki,Masatomo Kobayashi,Kazuo Shinozaki,Tomohiko Kato,Satoshi Tabata,Ykä Helariutta,Michael R. Sussman,Tatsuo Kakimoto +12 more
TL;DR: Results confirm that cytokinins are a pivotal class of plant growth regulators but provide no evidence that cytkinins are required for the processes of gametogenesis and embryogenesis.
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