Waveguide metacouplers for in-plane polarimetry
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Citations
Gradient metasurfaces: a review of fundamentals and applications.
A review of gap-surface plasmon metasurfaces: fundamentals and applications
Metamaterials and Metasurfaces for Sensor Applications.
Multidimensional manipulation of wave fields based on artificial microstructures
Phase Manipulation of Electromagnetic Waves with Metasurfaces and Its Applications in Nanophotonics
References
Optical Constants of the Noble Metals
Quantal phase factors accompanying adiabatic changes
Flat Optics With Designer Metasurfaces
Gradient-index meta-surfaces as a bridge linking propagating waves and surface waves
Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (12)
Q2. What future works have the authors mentioned in the paper "Waveguide metacouplers for in-plane polarimetry" ?
In summary, the authors design a compact in-plane polarimeter that couples incident light into waveguide modes propagating along six different directions, with the coupling efficiencies being dictated by the SOP. Finally, the authors stress that the suggested in-plane polarimeter can be realized by only one step of electron-beam lithography, while simple proof-of-concept experiments can be performed by placing outcoupling gratings along the six in-plane propagation directions, with the associated scattered light being a measure of the coupling efficiencies. Moreover, the authors foresee the possibility of a compact circuitry with built-in plasmonic detectors that are integrated into spatially confined waveguides [ 33,34 ]. The authors note that the choice of the design wavelength at 1. 55 μm is merely to illustrate its potential usage in compact integrated optical circuitry, but the design strategy can be transferred to any frequency range of interest, be it either at optical wavelengths [ 30 ] or the microwave regime [ 31 ].
Q3. What is the polarimeter's effect on noise?
The polarimeter is based on three GSP-based birefringent metasurfaces that each features a linear phase gradient that is dependent on the SOP, thus ensuring unidirectional and all-polarization-sensitive excitation of the waveguide modes.
Q4. What is the key parameter in the design of a supercell?
As a way of probing the functionality of the designed supercell, the authors perform full-wave simulations of a coupler consisting of 3 × 3 supercells, with the incident light being a Gaussian beam with a beam radius of 3 μm.
Q5. How can one achieve the in-plane polarimeter?
the authors stress that the suggested in-plane polarimeter can be realized by only one step of electron-beam lithography, while simple proof-of-concept experiments can be performed by placing outcoupling gratings along the six in-plane propagation directions, with the associated scattered light being a measure of the coupling efficiencies.
Q6. How can one obtain the performance of the polarimeter?
The best performance of the polarimeter can be achieved only by properly relating the six coupling efficiencies to the three Stokes parameters.
Q7. What is the polarization sensitivity of the TE1 waveguide?
however,that the polarization sensitivity is not dependent on the absolute coupling efficiencies (which, for example, can be changed by the width of the incident beam), it is clear that the proposed procedure should still work.
Q8. What is the top view of the supercell?
A top view of the supercell is displayed in Fig. 3(a), where the nanobricks are arranged in such a way that xðyÞ-polarized incident light experiences a phase gradient in the yðxÞ direction, thus ensuring unidirectional excitation of the TE1 mode.
Q9. What is the key parameter for the reflection coefficient of a nanobrick?
The key parameter is the complex reflection coefficient as a function of nanobrick widths (Lx, Ly), which is displayed in Fig. 2(b) for x-polarized light, with a superimposition of the phase contour lines in steps of 120° for y-polarized light as well.
Q10. How is the TE1 mode able to achieve the desired coupling efficiency?
the coupling efficiency, as defined by the power carried by the TE1 mode in the desired propagation direction relative to the incident power, is quite high, reaching in this numerical example approximately 35% despite the fact that no attempt is made to reach efficient coupling.
Q11. What is the effect of noise on the polarimeter?
it is worth noting that the preceding discussionexclusively considers fully polarized light (i.e., s21þ s22 þ s23 ¼ s20), though the proposed polarimeter can also handle partially polarized light (i.e., s21 þ s22 þ s23 < s20), as seen by the fact that the (time-averaged) diffraction contrasts decrease as thedegreeof polarizationdecreases.
Q12. What is the connection between the Stokes parameters and the amplitude of the plane wave?
Having outlined the connection between the SOP and the Stokes parameters, it is clear that their waveguide metacoupler must respond uniquely to all possible SOPs, with preferably the most pronounced differences occurring for the six extreme polarizations jxi, jyi, jai, jbi, jri, and jli, so that all linear polarizations thereof can be probably resolved.