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Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1977
11 Citations
Measurement of these devices reveals superior thermal characteristic and assures a larger ASO than that of conventional bipolar transistors of the same chip size.
These are the first reported metal gate transistors in the III‐V materials and the first using a nonepitaxial base and laterally seeded overgrowth.
Vertical Organic Transistors are a novel technology that has the potential to overcome these limitations of OFETs.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
R. Heald, P. Wang 
07 Nov 2004
131 Citations
Hence, the small transistors in SRAM cells are particularly sensitive to these variations.
The transistors are scalable because of the thin silicon technology and the memories are highly scalable because they allow efficient coupling between the carriers and storage region.
The chip has a novel wiring structure in which all pixels are connected through the channel of MOS transistors, which simplifies a wiring structure compared with conventional resistive networks.
Comparison of these devices shows that Cdse/Nd 2 O 3 and CdS-CdSe/Nd 2 O 3 transistors are superior in performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Qin Zhang, Wei Zhao, Alan Seabaugh 
555 Citations
This formula is consistent with two recent reports of interband tunnel transistors, which show lower than 60-mV/dec subthreshold swings and provides two simple design principles for configuring these transistors.
These promising results indicate that the GIZO thin film transistors could be a candidate for selection transistors in 3-D cross point stacking memory.

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How can i get effective mobility of the transistor while having measured Id-Vg curve?
4 answers
To extract the effective mobility of a transistor when having measured the Id-Vg curve, one approach is to utilize high-frequency scattering parameters (S-parameters) to directly extract intrinsic output conductance (go_i) and intrinsic gate capacitance (Cg_i). Another technique involves measuring Id and Cgc simultaneously within a short timeframe to remove adverse effects of drain bias on mobility, avoid cable-switching, and minimize charge trapping. Effective mobility (µeff) can be extracted from the Id-Vg curve, but equating it to carrier mobility (µ) can lead to errors due to factors like charge trapping and series resistance. These methods provide valuable insights into accurately determining the effective mobility of transistors for advanced CMOS technology development.
What is the grid system in bootstrap?
5 answers
The grid system in Bootstrap is a fundamental feature that simplifies the layout structuring of web pages. It allows developers to create responsive designs by dividing the page into rows and columns, making it easier to align and position elements effectively on different screen sizes. Additionally, the grid system provides flexibility in adjusting the layout based on the device being used, ensuring a consistent user experience across various platforms. In the context of wind energy conversion systems, a bootstrap converter is utilized to enhance the voltage transformation ratio, enabling efficient energy conversion and integration with the grid. Moreover, the implementation of a grid bootstrap technique is proposed for constructing confidence intervals in continuous-time models, showcasing its versatility beyond web development.
Create a checklist on how to test a PNP transistor?
5 answers
To test a PNP transistor, follow this checklist: Bias the transistor to non-linearity using a harmonic-free alternating signal and compare the base and collector currents at higher harmonics to determine the beta value. Establish continuity test circuits to detect short circuits between the base and emitter or emitter and collector, and measure the collector current at a specific base to collector bias with the emitter open. Use an amplifier tuned to the second harmonic of the oscillator frequency and a detector to analyze the collector to base load voltages for beta measurement. Test for base to emitter short circuits by disconnecting the base from the oscillator and connecting it to a resistor while applying negative bias to the emitter. Measure the collector current I CB0 by breaking the emitter circuit and connecting the meter directly to the base.
What is the other name for programmed chip?
5 answers
A programmed chip is also known as a matrix device, as described in the research by Watson et al.. This matrix device consists of electrically conductive film tracks on an insulating substrate, with programmed laser-formed apertures defining a code or bit pattern. The technology highlighted by Wlodkowic et al. enables dynamic studies of cell death, showcasing promising applications in drug discovery, high-content drug screening, and personalized clinical diagnostics. Additionally, Shankar and Ramkarthik discuss a method involving programming multi-bit storage cells in different modes within FLASH memory chips, emphasizing the versatility of programming techniques in semiconductor devices. Moreover, Tamaki's work introduces a redundancy decoder in semiconductor memory devices, utilizing programmed flip-flops for efficient replacement of defective memory cells, showcasing the importance of precise programming in enhancing device performance.
Solid state electrolytes offer?
4 answers
Solid state electrolytes offer enhanced safety, improved cycling performance, and potential for higher energy density in energy storage systems like solid-state batteries. They address issues seen in traditional liquid electrolytes, such as safety concerns, lower energy densities, and stability problems. Solid electrolytes can be ceramic, polymer-based, or composite materials, each with unique advantages and challenges. Ceramic solid electrolytes provide high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength but face interfacial issues. Polymer electrolytes offer flexibility and compatibility with electrodes but exhibit lower ionic conductivity at room temperature. Composite solid electrolytes combining ceramics and polymers aim to overcome individual drawbacks, providing flexibility, good electrode contact, and fast ion transport. Overall, solid state electrolytes pave the way for safer, more efficient, and higher-performing energy storage solutions.
Amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc oxide semiconductor thin film transistors
4 answers
Amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc oxide (HIZO) semiconductor thin film transistors (TFTs) exhibit promising electrical properties for next-generation electronic devices. The addition of hafnium (Hf) in HIZO films suppresses columnar structure growth, leading to improved stability. Co-sputtering processes allow for easy fabrication of α-HfIZO TFTs with high performance, including an on/off current ratio of ∼106 and steep subthreshold slope. HIZO TFTs with Hf doping content of 5 at. % demonstrate a threshold voltage of 3.7 V, mobility of 0.27 cm2 V-1 s-1, and an on-off current ratio of 106, showcasing superior characteristics compared to IZO TFTs. These advancements in HIZO TFT technology open doors for applications in flexible, wearable, and portable electronics, driven by high electron mobility and low threshold voltages. The channel layer thickness in HIZO TFTs significantly impacts device characteristics and stability, with thicker layers leading to more severe threshold voltage shifts.
What are the most effective design elements for creating an engaging point of purchase display?
5 answers
The most effective design elements for creating an engaging point of purchase display include incorporating printed electronic devices like wires, resistors, and sensors for interactive features. Additionally, utilizing modular components that can be easily replaced with alternate ones enhances flexibility and customization. Ensuring a seamless integration with the support structure, such as a cantilevered beam, through a sliding arrangement without obstructing access to the displayed products is crucial for maintaining engagement. Moreover, integrating interactive features like input devices and selection indicators can attract customer attention by personalizing the display based on consumer data. Lastly, using wrinkle-resistant sheet materials with informative indicia and coupling mechanisms for easy attachment to commercial products can enhance the visual appeal and functionality of the display.
What is digital mean?
5 answers
The term "digital" encompasses various meanings depending on the context. In the realm of television transmission, digital signals are utilized to identify characteristics and ensure proper reception, often employing redundancy systems to prevent misinterpretation. In information technology, "digital" refers to data encoded optically on mediums like film or paper for computer reading, enabling storage and retrieval through scanners. Additionally, the concept of "digital" extends beyond mere tools for conveying messages, as it plays a constitutive role in shaping experiences and interactions within media studies, emphasizing cognitive and communicative impacts. In electronic media technology, "digital" signifies a quality standard, particularly highlighted during the introduction of the compact disc (CD) to the market.
How to control an OLED display module with arduino?
5 answers
To control an OLED display module with Arduino, one can utilize various techniques outlined in the research papers. Using Arduino along with components like OLED display, microphone, Raspberry Pi, and specific circuit modules can enable control and display functionalities. Techniques such as utilizing Arduino DUE's DAC port to control current sources for OLED, implementing OLED pixel circuits with charging and resetting control modules, and employing modulation circuits for charge removal in OLED control circuitscan enhance the control and display capabilities. By integrating these methods, one can effectively manage and showcase data on OLED displays through Arduino-based systems, offering a versatile and efficient control solution for various applications.
Why in TPR of Pd/SiO2 i cannot see the negative peak whereas in occours with Pd/Al2O3?
5 answers
In the Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) of Pd/SiO2 catalysts, the absence of a negative peak can be attributed to the specific characteristics of the support material. The study on bimetallic Pd-Fe catalysts revealed that Pd-Fe/SiO2 systems exhibited higher stability and selectivity to phenol compared to Pd-Fe/Al2O3 catalysts. On the other hand, the introduction of iron to palladium catalysts limited the formation of cyclohexanone in the reaction medium. This difference in behavior between Pd/SiO2 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts could be due to variations in the dispersion of the active phase and the support's influence on the catalytic activity and selectivity, as observed in the hydrodechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol.
What causes crystallization from a-Si to c-Si?
5 answers
Crystallization from amorphous silicon (a-Si) to crystalline silicon (c-Si) can be induced by various methods. Microwave irradiation onto a-Si films with a carbon overcoat can lead to fast crystallization due to microwave absorption by the carbon overcoat, dielectric properties of heated a-Si, and enhanced atomic vibration promoting nucleation of c-Si crystallites. Temperature-induced crystallization of a-Ge films on different substrates also influences the process, with the presence of an Al layer leading to the formation of a SiGe alloy during annealing. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that crystallization at a-Si/c-Si interfaces occurs through bond rearrangements induced by low energy recoils, similar to the annealing of bond defects in the Si crystal. Additionally, utilizing 405-nm laser diodes can produce highly crystalline µc-Si films, crucial for fabricating high-performance µc-Si TFTs.