Showing papers on "Bismuth published in 2007"
310 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the potential of bismuth-containing heterometallic oxides is presented together with feasible applications of the latter, and a variety of structurally related high-nuclearity molecular Bismuth oxo clusters are discussed that serve as model compounds.
274 citations
TL;DR: Structures of bismuth antiulcer agents and interactions of Bi3+ with proteins and enzymes, such as transferrin and lactoferrin, the histidine-rich protein Hpn, and urease, have been characterized and improved the understanding of the mechanism of action ofbismuth and antimony drugs, which allows the future design of drugs.
Abstract: The biocoordination chemistry of antimony and bismuth has been extensively investigated due to the historical use of these metals in medicine. Structures of bismuth antiulcer agents and interactions of Bi3+ with proteins and enzymes, such as transferrin and lactoferrin, the histidine-rich protein Hpn, and urease, have been characterized. Sb5+ is a prodrug and is bioreduced or activated to its active form Sb3+ intracellularly. Antimony binds to biomolecules, such as glutathione, trypanothione, and nucleotides, and forms binary and ternary complexes, which may allow it to be trafficked in cells. These studies have improved our understanding of the mechanism of action of bismuth and antimony drugs, which in turn allows the future design of drugs.
183 citations
TL;DR: A multi-element preconcentration-separation technique for heavy metal ions in environmental samples has been established and was successfully applied to some environmental samples including water and sediments.
154 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that this bulk element may host an exotic quantum fluid reminiscent of the one associated with the fractional quantum Hall effect and raise the issue of electron fractionalization in a three-dimensional metal.
Abstract: Because of the long Fermi wavelength of itinerant electrons, the quantum limit of elemental bismuth (unlike most metals) can be attained with a moderate magnetic field. The quantized orbits of electrons shrink with increasing magnetic field. Beyond the quantum limit, the circumference of these orbits becomes shorter than the Fermi wavelength. We studied transport coefficients of a single crystal of bismuth up to 33 tesla, which is deep in this ultraquantum limit. The Nernst coefficient presents three unexpected maxima that are concomitant with quasi-plateaus in the Hall coefficient. The results suggest that this bulk element may host an exotic quantum fluid reminiscent of the one associated with the fractional quantum Hall effect and raise the issue of electron fractionalization in a three-dimensional metal.
141 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a more sensitive and conveniently usable electrode sensor for a trace analysis of heavy metal was developed by using Bi nanopowder synthesized by levitational gas condensation (LGC) method.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Yb-doped bismuth iron oxide ceramics (Bi1−xYbxFeO3, with 0.20) was prepared by rapid liquid phase sintering method and investigated the material's structures and electrical properties.
Abstract: The authors prepared Yb-doped bismuth iron oxide ceramics (Bi1−xYbxFeO3, with 0⩽x⩽0.20) by rapid liquid phase sintering method and investigated the material’s structures and electrical properties. The x-ray diffraction measurements showed that the doping of Yb has induced noticeable lattice distortion in the ceramics, and a largest distortion was observed when the concentration of Yb was 15%. By doping electrical resistivity, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramics were improved. Among all samples, BiFeO3 doped with 15% Yb was found to have the smallest leakage current density (<10−7A∕cm2) and the largest remnant polarization (8.5μC∕cm2).
106 citations
TL;DR: This electroanalytical protocol using edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes is one of the simplest methodologies to date using non-mercury based electrodes and is simpler and cheaper than alternatives such as carbon nanotube electrode arrays, suggesting the use of edge plane graphite electrode for routine sensing.
Abstract: A highly sensitive and simple electroanalytical methodology is presented using an in-situ bismuth film modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (BiF-EPPGE) which is exemplified with the simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II). Square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry is utilised with the effects of several experimental variables studied. Simultaneous additions of cadmium(II) and lead(II) were investigated where two linear ranges between 0.1-100 and 0.1-300 microg/L and also detection limits of 0.062 and 0.084 microg/L were obtained, respectively. The method was then successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of cadmium(II) and lead(II) in spiked river water, where recoveries of 100.5 and 98% were obtained, respectively. This electroanalytical protocol using edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes is one of the simplest methodologies to date using non-mercury based electrodes and is simpler and cheaper than alternatives such as carbon nanotube electrode arrays, suggesting the use of edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode for routine sensing.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored electrochemically deposited pervoskite nanocrystalline porous bismuth iron oxide (BiFeO 3 ) thin film electrode from alkaline bath for electrochemical supercapacitors.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a trischelated diselenophosphato complex of bismuth, Bi[Se2P(OiPr)2]3, was successfully prepared and used to obtain two separate, uniform deposits of nanostructured metal phosphate, BiPO4, and metal chalcogenide, Bi2Se3, in a one-step metal−organic chemical vapor deposition process.
Abstract: A Tris-chelated diselenophosphato complex of bismuth, Bi[Se2P(OiPr)2]3, was successfully prepared and used to obtain two separate, uniform deposits of nanostructured metal phosphate, BiPO4, and metal chalcogenide, Bi2Se3, in a one-step metal−organic chemical vapor deposition process. This work expands the applications of single-source precursors in a new dimension by producing two separate, uniform products from decomposition of a single-source precursor in one step. The inclusion of oxygen and phosphorus elements in the precursor molecule makes possible the simultaneous production of BiPO4 nanowires and Bi2Se3 nanoplates from the single-source precursor. The resulting BiPO4 nanowires and Bi2Se3 nanoplates show promising field emission properties, comparable to the more popular oxide semiconductor nanowires. The Bi2Se3 nanoplates also exhibit a superior thermoelectric property over bulk Bi2Se3.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the structural stability and superconducting properties of ultrathin lead-bismuth alloys can be tuned by adding extra electrons via bismuth alloying.
Abstract: Quantum confinement of itinerant electrons in atomically smooth ultrathin lead films produces strong oscillations in the thickness-dependent film energy. By adding extra electrons via bismuth alloying, we showed that both the structural stability and the superconducting properties of such films can be tuned. The phase boundary (upper critical field) between the superconducting vortex state and the normal state indicates an anomalous suppression of superconducting order just below the critical temperature, Tc. This suppression varies systematically with the film thickness and the bismuth content and can be parametrized in terms of a characteristic temperature, Tc* (less than Tc), that is inversely proportional to the scattering mean free path. The results indicate that the isotropic nature of the superconductive pairing in bulk lead-bismuth alloys is altered in the quantum regime.
TL;DR: In this article, phase-pure, untwinned, epitaxial, (0001)-oriented films with rocking curve full width at half maximum values as narrow as 25arcsec (0.007°).
Abstract: BiFeO3 thin films have been deposited on (111) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy in an adsorption-controlled growth regime. This is achieved by supplying a bismuth overpressure and utilizing the differential vapor pressures between bismuth oxides and BiFeO3 to control stoichiometry. Four-circle x-ray diffraction reveals phase-pure, untwinned, epitaxial, (0001)-oriented films with rocking curve full width at half maximum values as narrow as 25arcsec (0.007°). Second harmonic generation polar plots combined with diffraction establish the crystallographic point group of these untwinned epitaxial films to be 3m at room temperature.
TL;DR: In this article, a microwave-induced bismuth nitrate-catalyzed efficient and extremely rapid synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidones via Biginelli condensation reaction has been developed in excellent yield.
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors reported the synthesis, structure and transport properties of the new chemical compositions Li5La3Bi2O12 and Li6SrLa2Bi 2O12 using X-ray powder diffraction patterns in combination with the Rietveld method revealed garnet type compounds as major phases.
Abstract: We report the synthesis, structure and transport properties of the new chemical compositions Li5La3Bi2O12 and Li6SrLa2Bi2O12 Qualitative phase analysis by X-ray powder diffraction patterns in combination with the Rietveld method revealed garnet type compounds as major phases Whereas Li5La3Bi2O12 was found to be a single-phase material, BiLa2O45 could be identified as an impurity phase in the case of Li6SrLa2Bi2O12 Lithium ion conductivities of Li5La3Bi2O12 and Li6SrLa2Bi2O12 were studied by ac impedance method The grain-boundary contribution to the total (bulk + grain-boundary) resistance is appreciable and amounts to about 54% and 61% for Li5La3Bi2O12 and Li6SrLa2Bi2O12, respectively, at 22 °C Li6SrLa2Bi2O12 exhibits the highest total (bulk + grain-boundary) and bulk ionic conductivity of 20 × 10−5 and 52 × 10−5 S/cm, respectively, at 22 °C The bismuth containing lithium garnet exhibits a maximum cubic lattice constant and the best lithium ion conductivity with low activation energy in the Li5La3M2O12 (M = Ta, Nb, Sb and Bi) series
TL;DR: In this article, thin bismuth oxide films were prepared by the sol-gel method, and then applied to degrade a kind of typical textile industry pollutant (Rhodamine B).
Abstract: In this paper, thin bismuth oxide films were prepared by the sol–gel method. The films were annealed at different temperatures, and then applied to degrade a kind of typical textile industry pollutant (Rhodamine B), respectively, in order to study the influence of bismuth oxide crystal phases on their photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and a surface profiler were applied to characterize the thin films annealed at different temperatures. The results show that different annealed temperatures cause the transformation between monoclinic phase and tetragonal phase of bismuth oxides and bismuth oxide films annealed at 550 °C contain a higher proportion of the tetragonal phase of bismuth oxides than those annealed at other temperatures, which leads to higher electronic binding energy and photocatalytic properties for these oxides in the films.
TL;DR: In this article, thin bismuth oxide films were prepared through the sol-gel method, and these films were annealed at different temperatures and then applied to decompose a typical textile industry pollutant (Rhodamine B).
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors observed broad infrared luminescence covering the optical telecommunication wavelength region of O, E and S bands from bismuth-doped zinc aluminosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics.
TL;DR: In this article, a method for the determination of antimony using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry has been proposed, and the detection limit for Sb(III) obtained was 6.79 × 10 −10 −10 ǫ M. In terms of reproducibility, the precision of the above mentioned method in %RSD values was calculated at 3.50%.
TL;DR: Based on optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 have been derived to be 4.373×10−20, 1.906×10 −20, and 1.451× 10−20 cm2, respectively, which indicate higher asymmetry and stronger covalent environment in LKBBT glasses compared with ZnF2-CdF2, oxyfluorobotate, and zirconium-barium-lanthanum-aluminum-sodium-fluoride glasses RE
Abstract: 10mol% of bismuth oxide was designed to add in making novel Ho3+ doped heavy metal tellurite glasses (LKBBT) with large refractive indices and glass densities. Based on optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6 have been derived to be 4.373×10−20, 1.906×10−20, and 1.451×10−20cm2, respectively, which indicate higher asymmetry and stronger covalent environment in LKBBT glasses compared with ZnF2–CdF2, oxyfluorobotate, and zirconium-barium-lanthanum-aluminum-sodium-fluoride glasses. Efficient visible upconversion emission bands peaked at 544, 657, and 753nm in Ho3+∕Yb3+ codoped LKBBT glass system have confirmed that two photons contribute to the upconversion processes under the pumping of a 974nm diode laser. Owing to large absorption and emission cross sections, Yb3+ ion is considered to be a preferable sensitizer for catching enough pumping energy and transferring considerable energy to Ho3+ in LKBBT glasses. Low maximum phonon energy and high spontaneous transition probabilities of Ho3+ are...
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed optical study of single-crystal bismuth using infrared reflectivity and ellipsometry is presented, where large changes in the plasmon frequency are observed as a function of temperature due to charge transfer between hole and electron Fermi pockets.
Abstract: We present a detailed optical study of single-crystal bismuth using infrared reflectivity and ellipsometry. Large changes in the plasmon frequency are observed as a function of temperature due to charge transfer between hole and electron Fermi pockets. In the optical conductivity, an anomalous temperature dependent midinfrared absorption feature is observed. An extended Drude model analysis reveals that it can be connected to a sharp upturn in the scattering rate, the frequency of which exactly tracks the temperature dependent plasmon frequency. We interpret this absorption and increased scattering as direct optical evidence for a charge carrier interaction with a collective mode of purely electronic origin, here electron-plasmon scattering. The observation of a plasmaron as such is made possible only by the unique coincidence of various energy scales and exceptional properties of semimetal bismuth.
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrodeposition of Bi from acidic nitrate solution was examined, and Bismuth deposition was determined to be quasi-reversible on Au, with a current efficiency of 100%, based on integration of deposition and stripping voltammetric waves.
TL;DR: In this article, high resistive (10 9 ǫ cm) bismuth ferric oxide (BFO) thin films on glass substrates were prepared using simple chemical method and their structural, surface morphological, optical and electrical properties have been studied.
TL;DR: There was a prompt rise in plasma bismuth concentration after each dose of De‐Noltabs, and the median 24 h integrated plasma bicarbonate concentration was 5.4‐fold higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects.
Abstract: Two studies measured plasma concentrations of bismuth during dosing with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (De-Noltab). The first study compared 24 h plasma bismuth concentration and urinary bismuth excretion in six patients who had already received 29-131 days (median 47 days) of treatment with De-Noltab 2 b.d., and six healthy subjects who only received De-Noltab 2 b.d. on the day of study. There was a prompt rise in plasma bismuth concentration after each dose of De-Noltabs. The median 24 h integrated plasma bismuth concentration was similar in both groups, but the median 24 h urinary bismuth excretion was 5.4-fold higher in the patients. The second study compared the plasma bismuth concentrations after the first and third doses of De-Noltab 2 b.d. in 16 healthy subjects. The median peak bismuth concentration occurred 30 min (range 15-105 min) post-dosing. The peak plasma bismuth concentration was greater than 50 ng/ml in 14 of the 16 subjects, and greater than 100 ng/ml in nine of the subjects. There was no significant difference in the median integrated 10-h plasma bismuth concentration after the first or third dose of De-Noltabs. The results of these studies confirm that bismuth is absorbed and sequestrated during dosing with De-Noltabs. Bismuth is absorbed rapidly after oral dosing with De-Noltabs, to produce peak plasma bismuth concentrations hitherto considered to be in the range associated with bismuth neurotoxicity.
TL;DR: Bismuth ferrite-lead titanate thin films in the region of the morphotropic phase boundary, with compositions of (1−x)BiFeO3-xPbTiO3 (0.3
Abstract: Bismuth ferrite–lead titanate thin films in the region of the morphotropic phase boundary, with compositions of (1−x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 (0.3
TL;DR: The alpha-amidoalkylation process seems to be effective in intermolecular and intramolecular manners leading to alpha-substituted lactams and heterocyclic systems containing azacycles, respectively, and having diastereoselectivity comparable to protocols using classical Lewis acids.
Abstract: Bismuth(III) triflate was found to promote the formation of stable cyclic N-acyliminium species in remarkable catalytic amounts (1 mol %). The alpha-amidoalkylation process seems to be effective in intermolecular and intramolecular manners leading to alpha-substituted lactams and heterocyclic systems containing azacycles, respectively. By comparing our results with those obtained with the classical Lewis acids as catalysts, it was evidenced clearly that the use of bismuth(III) triflate had been efficient for nearly all alpha-acetoxy lactams we used, except for N-acyliminium precursors bearing a sulfur atom. Also, the process seems to be easy, general, and clean, having diastereoselectivity comparable to protocols using classical Lewis acids and resulting in the formation of polyheterocyclic systems in good to excellent yields (64-99% in acetonitrile as solvent).
TL;DR: In this paper, a controlled solution-phase synthesis of several sheet-or rod-like bismuth oxides, including BiOCl, Bi12O17Cl2, α-Bi2O3 and (BiO)2CO3, by adjusting growth parameters such as reaction temperature, mole ratios of reactants, and the base used is presented.
TL;DR: The significantly increased urinary bismUTH excretion continued for at least 3 months after cessation of treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, indicating accumulation of bism Ruth during treatment with this drug.
Abstract: Bismuth concentration was measured in plasma, dried leucocytes and urine in nine patients before, during and after treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (De-Noltab 2 b.d.) for 6 weeks. During treatment there was an 8.5-fold rise in median plasma bismuth concentration (P less than 0.01), a non-significant doubling of leucocyte bismuth content, and a 349-fold rise in 24-h urinary bismuth excretion (P less than 0.01). The significantly increased urinary bismuth excretion continued for at least 3 months after cessation of treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate, indicating accumulation of bismuth during treatment with this drug.
TL;DR: In this article, large-area arrays of 1D nanowires and nanoflowers of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) were synthesized by the oxidative metal vapour phase deposition technique with controlled flow of oxygen and constant working pressures.
Abstract: The large-area arrays of one-dimensional (1D) nanowires and nanoflowers of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) were synthesized by the oxidative metal vapour phase deposition technique with controlled flow of oxygen and constant working pressures. Surface morphology analysis showed that the as-synthesized product at 10 Torr consisted of 1D nanowires with diameters about 13–42 nm and lengths up to several tens of micrometres. The other working pressure of 30 Torr accounted for the formation of nanoflowers with a petal-like structure. Elemental analysis confirms the presence of only the elements Bi and O. The crystalline nature of the 1D nanostructure is revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates the formation of a two-phase system with monoclinic α-Bi2O3 and tetragonal β-Bi2O3. Raman signals of the synthesized nanostructures are identified and assigned to various phonon vibration modes of Bi and Bi2O3. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows a visible broadband emission in the wavelength range, 500–800 nm.
TL;DR: The bismuth film electrode appears to be a promising tool for electroanalytical purposes, ensuring the use of clean methodology.
TL;DR: Band structure calculations reveal that, similar to other potential transparent conductors containing sixth-row elements, relativistic effects significantly lower the energy of the conduction band, and thus narrow the optical band gap of BiCuOS.
Abstract: BiCuOS, which is isostructural to the layered rare-earth oxysulfides LnCuOS (Ln = La−Eu), was synthesized by a single-step hydrothermal reaction at low temperature (250 °C) and pressure (<20 atm). Particular emphasis is placed on how the selection of the proper reaction conditions, such as temperature and pH, achieves a mutual high solubility of the metal−oxide reactants, Bi2O3 and Cu2O, and thus generates BiCuOS in a good yield. The optical and electrical properties of BiCuOS were measured to determine the influence of replacing a rare-earth cation with bismuth. The electrical conductivity of BiCuOS is increased over that of certain layered rare-earth oxysulfides, LnCuOS (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd), and is similar to that of the cerium members, CeCuOS and CeAgOS. Band structure calculations reveal that, similar to other potential transparent conductors containing sixth-row elements, relativistic effects significantly lower the energy of the conduction band, and thus narrow the optical band gap. These low-energ...