Showing papers on "Configuration interaction published in 2015"

Mixed Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Biological Systems in Ground and Electronically Excited States

Abstract: The current state of the art of Quantum Mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) molecular dynamics approaches in ground and electronically excited states and their applications to biological problems is reviewed. For a complete description of quantum phenomena, the quantum nature of both electrons and nuclei has to be taken into account. Most of the current QM/MM applications are based on adiabatic dynamics in the electronic ground state. However, for dynamics in electronically excited states, the coupling between states, which is mediated via the nuclear motion, can be sizable, and nonadiabatic effects have to be taken into account. Configuration Interaction Singles (CIS) is a popular method in QM/MM applications due to its computational expedience that allows for the treatment of several hundred atoms. Since the 1990s, the Modified Neglect of Differential Overlap (MNDO) method has been further extended to a d orbital basis. This MNDO/d extension allows for the treatment of heavier elements. By using feature selection algorithms348 to identify the most appropriate subset of relevant variables that describe a certain phenomenon, the high-dimensionality of QM/MM data can be reduced and used for further analysis with causal inference algorithms to establish unique cause-effect relationships.

Selection of active spaces for multiconfigurational wavefunctions

Abstract: The efficient and accurate description of the electronic structure of strongly correlated systems is still a largely unsolved problem. The usual procedures start with a multiconfigurational (usually a Complete Active Space, CAS) wavefunction which accounts for static correlation and add dynamical correlation by perturbation theory, configuration interaction, or coupled cluster expansion. This procedure requires the correct selection of the active space. Intuitive methods are unreliable for complex systems. The inexpensive black-box unrestricted natural orbital (UNO) criterion postulates that the Unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) charge natural orbitals with fractional occupancy (e.g., between 0.02 and 1.98) constitute the active space. UNOs generally approximate the CAS orbitals so well that the orbital optimization in CAS Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) may be omitted, resulting in the inexpensive UNO-CAS method. A rigorous testing of the UNO criterion requires comparison with approximate full configuration interaction wavefunctions. This became feasible with the advent of Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) methods which can approximate highly correlated wavefunctions at affordable cost. We have compared active orbital occupancies in UNO-CAS and CASSCF calculations with DMRG in a number of strongly correlated molecules: compounds of electronegative atoms (F2, ozone, and NO2), polyenes, aromatic molecules (naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, and nitrobenzene), radicals (phenoxy and benzyl), diradicals (o-, m-, and p-benzyne), and transition metal compounds (nickel-acetylene and Cr2). The UNO criterion works well in these cases. Other symmetry breaking solutions, with the possible exception of spatial symmetry, do not appear to be essential to generate the correct active space. In the case of multiple UHF solutions, the natural orbitals of the average UHF density should be used. The problems of the UNO criterion and their potential solutions are discussed: finding the UHF solutions, discontinuities on potential energy surfaces, and inclusion of dynamical electron correlation and generalization to excited states.

Excited-State Geometry Optimization with the Density Matrix Renormalization Group, as Applied to Polyenes

Abstract: We describe and extend the formalism of state-specific analytic density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) energy gradients, first used by Liu et al. [J. Chem. Theor. Comput. 2013, 9, 4462]. We introduce a DMRG wave function maximum overlap following technique to facilitate state-specific DMRG excited-state optimization. Using DMRG configuration interaction (DMRG-CI) gradients, we relax the low-lying singlet states of a series of trans-polyenes up to C_(20)H_(22). Using the relaxed excited-state geometries, as well as correlation functions, we elucidate the exciton, soliton, and bimagnon (“single-fission”) character of the excited states, and find evidence for a planar conical intersection.

Fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo potential energy curve of the fluorine molecule F2 using selected configuration interaction trial wavefunctions

Abstract: The potential energy curve of the F2 molecule is calculated with Fixed-Node Diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) using Configuration Interaction (CI)-type trial wavefunctions. To keep the number of determinants reasonable and thus make FN-DMC calculations feasible in practice, the CI expansion is restricted to those determinants that contribute the most to the total energy. The selection of the determinants is made using the CIPSI approach (Configuration Interaction using a Perturbative Selection made Iteratively). The trial wavefunction used in FN-DMC is directly issued from the deterministic CI program; no Jastrow factor is used and no preliminary multi-parameter stochastic optimization of the trial wavefunction is performed. The nodes of CIPSI wavefunctions are found to reduce significantly the fixed-node error and to be systematically improved upon increasing the number of selected determinants. To reduce the non-parallelism error of the potential energy curve, a scheme based on the use of a R-dependent number of determinants is introduced. Using Dunning’s cc-pVDZ basis set, the FN-DMC energy curve of F2 is found to be of a quality similar to that obtained with full configuration interaction/cc-pVQZ.

Structure, Anharmonic Vibrational Frequencies, and Intensities of NNHNN(.).

Abstract: A semiglobal potential energy surface (PES) and quartic force field (QFF) based on fitting high-level electronic structure energies are presented to describe the structures and spectroscopic properties of NNHNN+. The equilibrium structure of NNHNN+ is linear with the proton equidistant between the two nitrogen groups and thus of D∞h symmetry. Vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) calculations based on the QFF fails to describe the proton “rattle” motion, i.e., the antisymmetric proton stretch, due to the very flat nature of PES around the global minimum but performs properly for other modes with sharper potential wells. Vibrational self-consistent field/virtual state configuration interaction (VSCF/VCI) calculations using a version of MULTIMODE without angular momentum terms successfully describe this motion and predict the fundamental to be at 759 cm–1. This is in good agreement with the value of 746 cm–1 from a fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo calculation and the experimental Ar-tagged res...

Intersystem-crossing and phosphorescence rates in fac-Ir(III)(ppy)3: a theoretical study involving multi-reference configuration interaction wavefunctions.

Abstract: We have employed combined density functional theory and multi-reference configuration interaction methods including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects to investigate the photophysics of the green phosphorescent emitter fac-tris-(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (fac-Ir(ppy)3) A critical evaluation of our quantum chemical approaches shows that a perturbational treatment of SOC is the method of choice for computing the UV/Vis spectrum of this heavy transition metal complex while multi-reference spin–orbit configuration interaction is preferable for calculating the phosphorescence rates The particular choice of the spin–orbit interaction operator is found to be of minor importance Intersystem crossing (ISC) rates have been determined by Fourier transformation of the time correlation function of the transition including Dushinsky rotations In the electronic ground state, fac-Ir(ppy)3 is C3 symmetric The calculated UV/Vis spectrum is in excellent agreement with experiment The effect of SOC is particularly pronoun

Systematic Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Be-like Ions with Z=10–30 Using a Combined Configuration Interaction and Many-body Perturbation Theory Approach

Abstract: We report calculations of energy levels and radiative rates for transitions among the lowest 116 fine-structure levels arising from the configurations in Be-like ions with Z = 10–30. The wavelengths, oscillator strengths, line strengths, and radiative rates for all possible electric dipole, magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic quadrupole transitions among the 116 levels have been calculated using the combined configuration interaction and many-body perturbation method. The accuracy of the results is determined through extensive comparisons with existing laboratory measurements and theoretical results. The present complete set of results should be of great help in line identification and the interpretation of spectra, as well as in the modeling and diagnostics of astrophysical and fusion plasmas.

Angle-Dependent Ionization of Small Molecules by Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction and an Absorbing Potential

Abstract: The angle-dependence of strong field ionization of O2, N2, CO2, and CH2O has been studied theoretically using a time-dependent configuration interaction approach with a complex absorbing potential (TDCIS-CAP). Calculation of the ionization yields as a function of the direction of polarization of the laser pulse produces three-dimensional surfaces of the angle-dependent ionization probability. These three-dimensional shapes and their variation with laser intensity can be interpreted in terms of ionization from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lower lying orbitals, and the Dyson orbitals for the ground and excited states of the cations.

Spin-flip, tensor equation-of-motion configuration interaction with a density-functional correction: A spin-complete method for exploring excited-state potential energy surfaces.

Abstract: We revisit the formalism of the spin-adapted, spin-flip (SA-SF) configuration-interaction singles (CIS) method based on a tensor equation-of-motion formalism that affords proper spin eigenstates without sacrificing single-reference simplicity. Matrix elements for SA-SF-CIS are then modified in a manner similar to collinear spin-flip time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT), to include a DFT exchange-correlation correction. The performance of this method, which we call SA-SF-DFT, is evaluated numerically and we find that it systematically improves the energies of electronic states that exhibit significant spin contamination within the conventional SF-TDDFT approach. The new method cures the state assignment problem that plagues geometry optimizations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using traditional SF-TDDFT, without sacrificing computational efficiency, and furthermore provides correct topology at conical intersections, including those that involve the ground state, unlike conventional TDDFT. As such, SA-SF-DFT appears to be a promising method for generating excited-state potential energy surfaces at DFT cost.

Variational Optimization of the Second-Order Density Matrix Corresponding to a Seniority-Zero Configuration Interaction Wave Function.

Abstract: We perform a direct variational determination of the second-order (two-particle) density matrix corresponding to a many-electron system, under a restricted set of the two-index N-representability P-, Q-, and G-conditions. In addition, we impose a set of necessary constraints that the two-particle density matrix must be derivable from a doubly occupied many-electron wave function, i.e., a singlet wave function for which the Slater determinant decomposition only contains determinants in which spatial orbitals are doubly occupied. We rederive the two-index N-representability conditions first found by Weinhold and Wilson and apply them to various benchmark systems (linear hydrogen chains, He, N2, and CN(-)). This work is motivated by the fact that a doubly occupied many-electron wave function captures in many cases the bulk of the static correlation. Compared to the general case, the structure of doubly occupied two-particle density matrices causes the associate semidefinite program to have a very favorable scaling as L(3), where L is the number of spatial orbitals. Since the doubly occupied Hilbert space depends on the choice of the orbitals, variational calculation steps of the two-particle density matrix are interspersed with orbital-optimization steps (based on Jacobi rotations in the space of the spatial orbitals). We also point to the importance of symmetry breaking of the orbitals when performing calculations in a doubly occupied framework.

On the exact formulation of multi-configuration density-functional theory: electron density versus orbitals occupation

Abstract: The exact formulation of multi-configuration density-functional theory is discussed in this work. As an alternative to range-separated methods, where electron correlation effects are split in the coordinate space, the combination of configuration interaction methods with orbital occupation functionals is explored at the formal level through the separation of correlation effects in the orbital space. When applied to model Hamiltonians, this approach leads to an exact site-occupation embedding theory (SOET). An adiabatic connection expression is derived for the complementary bath functional and a comparison with density matrix embedding theory is made. Illustrative results are given for the simple two-site Hubbard model. SOET is then applied to a quantum chemical Hamiltonian, thus leading to an exact complete active space site-occupation functional theory (CASSOFT) where active electrons are correlated explicitly within the CAS and the remaining contributions to the correlation energy are described with an ...

Excited state geometry optimization with the density matrix renormalization group as applied to polyenes

Abstract: We describe and extend the formalism of state-specific analytic density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) energy gradients, first used by Liu et al (J. Chem. Theor.Comput. 9, 4462 (2013)). We introduce a DMRG wavefunction maximum overlap following technique to facilitate state-specific DMRG excited state optimization. Using DMRG configuration interaction (DMRG-CI) gradients we relax the low-lying singlet states of a series of trans-polyenes up to C20H22. Using the relaxed excited state geometries as well as correlation functions, we elucidate the exciton, soliton, and bimagnon ("single-fission") character of the excited states, and find evidence for a planar conical intersection.

The calculated rovibronic spectrum of scandium hydride, ScH

Abstract: The electronic structure of six low-lying electronic states of scandium hydride, X 1Σ+, a 3Δ, b 3Π, A 1Δ, c 3Σ+ and B 1Π, is studied using multi-reference configuration interaction as a function of bond length. Diagonal and off-diagonal dipole moment, spin–orbit coupling and electronic angular momentum curves are also computed. The results are benchmarked against experimental measurements and calculations on atomic scandium. The resulting curves are used to compute a line list of molecular rovibronic transitions for 45ScH.

Accurate Ab initio calculation of ionization potentials of the first-row transition metals with the configuration-interaction quantum Monte Carlo technique.

Abstract: Accurate ionization potentials of the first-row transition-metal atoms are obtained via the initiator full configuration quantum Monte Carlo technique, performing a stochastic integration of the electronic Schrodinger equation in exponentially large Hilbert spaces, with a mean absolute error of 0.13 kcal/mol (5 meV). This accuracy requires correlation of the 3p semicore electrons and in some cases the 3s manifold, along with extrapolation of the correlation energies to the complete-basis-set limit, and provides a new theoretical benchmark for the ionization potentials of these systems.

Transition matrices and orbitals from reduced density matrix theory.

Abstract: In this contribution, we report two different methodologies for characterizing the electronic structure reorganization occurring when a chromophore undergoes an electronic transition. For the first method, we start by setting the theoretical background necessary to the reinterpretation through simple tensor analysis of (i) the transition density matrix and (ii) the natural transition orbitals in the scope of reduced density matrix theory. This novel interpretation is made more clear thanks to a short compendium of the one-particle reduced density matrix theory in a Fock space. The formalism is further applied to two different classes of excited states calculation methods, both requiring a single-determinant reference, that express an excited state as a hole-particle mono-excited configurations expansion, to which particle-hole correlation is coupled (time-dependent Hartree-Fock/time-dependent density functional theory) or not (configuration interaction single/Tamm-Dancoff approximation). For the second methodology presented in this paper, we introduce a novel and complementary concept related to electronic transitions with the canonical transition density matrix and the canonical transition orbitals. Their expression actually reflects the electronic cloud polarisation in the orbital space with a decomposition based on the actual contribution of one-particle excitations from occupied canonical orbitals to virtual ones. This approach validates our novel interpretation of the transition density matrix elements in terms of the Euclidean norm of elementary transition vectors in a linear tensor space. A proper use of these new concepts leads to the conclusion that despite the different principles underlying their construction, they provide two equivalent excited states topological analyses. This connexion is evidenced through simple illustrations of (in)organic dyes electronic transitions analysis.

Nonadiabatic dynamics of photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer in a solvated phenol-amine complex.

Abstract: Photoinduced concerted electron-proton transfer (EPT), denoted photo-EPT, is important for a wide range of energy conversion processes. Transient absorption and Raman spectroscopy experiments on the hydrogen-bonded p-nitrophenylphenol–t-butylamine complex, solvated in 1,2-dichloroethane, suggested that this complex may undergo photo-EPT. The experiments probed two excited electronic states that were interpreted as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state and an EPT state. Herein mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical nonadiabatic surface hopping dynamics is used to investigate the relaxation pathways following photoexcitation. The potential energy surface is generated on the fly with a semiempirical floating occupation molecular orbital complete active space configuration interaction method for the solute molecule and a molecular mechanical force field for the explicit solvent molecules. The free energy curves along the proton transfer coordinate illustrate that proton transfer is thermodynami...

Systematic Expansion of Active Spaces beyond the CASSCF Limit: A GASSCF/SplitGAS Benchmark Study.

Abstract: The applicability and accuracy of the generalized active space self-consistent field, (GASSCF), and (SplitGAS) methods are presented. The GASSCF method enables the exploration of larger active spaces than with the conventional complete active space SCF, (CASSCF), by fragmentation of a large space into subspaces and by controlling the interspace excitations. In the SplitGAS method, the GAS configuration interaction, CI, expansion is further partitioned in two parts: the principal, which includes the most important configuration state functions, and an extended, containing less relevant but not negligible ones. An effective Hamiltonian is then generated, with the extended part acting as a perturbation to the principal space. Excitation energies of ozone, furan, pyrrole, nickel dioxide, and copper tetrachloride dianion are reported. Various partitioning schemes of the GASSCF and SplitGAS CI expansions are considered and compared with the complete active space followed by second-order perturbation theory, (CA...

Quantifying charge resonance and multiexciton character in coupled chromophores by charge and spin cumulant analysis

Abstract: We extend excited-state structural analysis to quantify the charge-resonance and multi-exciton character in wave functions of weakly interacting chromophores such as molecular dimers. The approach employs charge and spin cumulants which describe inter-fragment electronic correlations in molecular complexes. We introduce indexes corresponding to the weights of local, charge resonance, and biexciton (with different spin structure) configurations that can be computed for general wave functions thus allowing one to quantify the character of doubly excited states. The utility of the approach is illustrated by applications to several small dimers, e.g., He-H2, (H2)2, and (C2H4)2, using full and restricted configuration interaction schemes. In addition, we present calculations for several systems relevant to singlet fission, such as tetracene, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran dimers.

Analytic first derivatives of floating occupation molecular orbital-complete active space configuration interaction on graphical processing units

Abstract: The floating occupation molecular orbital-complete active space configuration interaction (FOMO-CASCI) method is a promising alternative to the state-averaged complete active space self-consistent field (SA-CASSCF) method. We have formulated the analytic first derivative of FOMO-CASCI in a manner that is well-suited for a highly efficient implementation using graphical processing units (GPUs). Using this implementation, we demonstrate that FOMO-CASCI gradients are of similar computational expense to configuration interaction singles (CIS) or time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). In contrast to CIS and TDDFT, FOMO-CASCI can describe multireference character of the electronic wavefunction. We show that FOMO-CASCI compares very favorably to SA-CASSCF in its ability to describe molecular geometries and potential energy surfaces around minimum energy conical intersections. Finally, we apply FOMO-CASCI to the excited state hydrogen transfer reaction in methyl salicylate.

Communication: Spectroscopic consequences of proton delocalization in OCHCO⁺.

Abstract: Even though quartic force fields (QFFs) and highly accurate coupled cluster computations describe the OCHCO(+) cation at equilibrium as a complex between carbon monoxide and the formyl cation, two notable and typical interstellar and atmospheric molecules, the prediction from the present study is that the equilibrium C(∞v) structure is less relevant to observables than the saddle-point D(∞h) structure. This is the conclusion from diffusion Monte Carlo and vibrational self-consistent field/virtual state configuration interaction calculations utilizing a semi-global potential energy surface. These calculations demonstrate that the proton "rattle" motion (ν6) has centrosymmetric delocalization of the proton over the D(∞h) barrier lying only 393.6 cm(-1) above the double-well OCHCO(+) C(∞v) minima. As a result, this molecule will likely appear D∞h, and the rotational spectrum will be significantly dimmer than the computed equilibrium 2.975 D center-of-mass dipole moment indicates. However, the proton transfer fundamental, determined to be at roughly 300 cm(-1), has a very strong intensity. This prediction as well as those of other fundamentals should provide useful guides for laboratory detection of this cation. Finally, it is shown that the two highest energy QFF-determined modes are actually in good agreement with their vibrational configuration interaction counterparts. These high-level quantum chemical methods provide novel insights into this fascinating and potentially common interstellar molecule.

Theoretical study on ThF+, a prospective system in search of time-reversal violation

Abstract: The low-lying electronic states of ThF+, a possible candidate in the search for - and -violation, have been studied using high-level correlated relativistic ab initio multi-reference coupled-cluster and configuration interaction approaches. For the state component with Ω = 1 (electron electric dipole moment ‘science state’) we obtain an effective electric field of , a - and -odd electron–nucleon interaction constant of kHz, a magnetic hyperfine interaction constant of MHz for 229Th (), and a very large molecular dipole moment of 4.03 D. The Ω = 1 state is found to be more than 300 cm−1 lower in energy than (), challenging the state assignment from an earlier theoretical study on this species (Barker et al 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 104305).

Configuration interaction singles natural orbitals: an orbital basis for an efficient and size intensive multireference description of electronic excited states.

Abstract: Multireference quantum chemical methods, such as the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method, have long been the state of the art for computing regions of potential energy surfaces (PESs) where complex, multiconfigurational wavefunctions are required, such as near conical intersections. Herein, we present a computationally efficient alternative to the widely used CASSCF method based on a complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) expansion built from the state-averaged natural orbitals of configuration interaction singles calculations (CISNOs). This CISNO-CASCI approach is shown to predict vertical excitation energies of molecules with closed-shell ground states similar to those predicted by state averaged (SA)-CASSCF in many cases and to provide an excellent reference for a perturbative treatment of dynamic electron correlation. Absolute energies computed at the CISNO-CASCI level are found to be variationally superior, on average, to other CASCI methods. Unlike SA-CASSCF, CISNO-CASCI provides vertical excitation energies which are both size intensive and size consistent, thus suggesting that CISNO-CASCI would be preferable to SA-CASSCF for the study of systems with multiple excitable centers. The fact that SA-CASSCF and some other CASCI methods do not provide a size intensive/consistent description of excited states is attributed to changes in the orbitals that occur upon introduction of non-interacting subsystems. Finally, CISNO-CASCI is found to provide a suitable description of the PES surrounding a biradicaloid conical intersection in ethylene.

Novel methods for configuration interaction and orbital optimization for wave functions containing non-orthogonal orbitals with applications to the chromium dimer and trimer

Abstract: A novel algorithm for performing configuration interaction (CI) calculations using non-orthogonal orbitals is introduced. In the new algorithm, the explicit calculation of the Hamiltonian matrix is replaced by the direct evaluation of the Hamiltonian matrix times a vector, which allows expressing the CI-vector in a bi-orthonormal basis, thereby drastically reducing the computational complexity. A new non-orthogonal orbital optimization method that employs exponential mappings is also described. To allow non-orthogonal transformations of the orbitals, the standard exponential mapping using anti-symmetric operators is supplemented with an exponential mapping based on a symmetric operator in the active orbital space. Expressions are obtained for the orbital gradient and Hessian, which involve the calculation of at most two-body density matrices, thereby avoiding the time-consuming calculation of the three- and four-body density matrices of the previous approaches. An approach that completely avoids the calcu...

Identification of Plasmons in Molecules with Scaled Ab Initio Approaches

Abstract: For the electronic excitations in metallic systems under periodic boundary conditions, momentum conservation and a uniform electron–electron interaction imply a clear distinction of plasmons and single-particle excitations. For finite molecular systems, this distinction is less clear, but excitations formed by a coherent superposition of elementary particle–hole transitions that show a collective oscillation of the transition electron density have nevertheless been identified as plasmons in molecules. To aid this distinction, a scaling approach [Bernadotte, S.; Evers, F.; Jacob, C. R. J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 1863] has recently been developed that is based on the observation that, in contrast to single-particle excitations, plasmonic excitation energies strongly depend on the electron–electron interaction. In this work, we adapt the proposed scaling scheme to ab initio models, specifically configuration interaction singles and the second-order algebraic diagrammatic construction scheme of the polarizat...

Spatial correlations and the insulating phase of the high-T(c) cuprates: insights from a configuration-interaction-based solver for dynamical mean field theory.

Abstract: A recently proposed configuration-interaction-based impurity solver is used in combination with the single-site and four-site cluster dynamical mean field approximations to investigate the three-band copper oxide model believed to describe the electronic structure of high transition temperature copper-oxide superconductors. Use of the configuration interaction solver enables verification of the convergence of results with respect to the number of bath orbitals. The spatial correlations included in the cluster approximation substantially shift the metal-insulator phase boundary relative to the prediction of the single-site approximation and increase the predicted energy gap of the insulating phase by about 1 eV above the single-site result. Vertex corrections occurring in the four-site approximation act to dramatically increase the value of the optical conductivity near the gap edge, resulting in better agreement with the data. The calculations reveal two distinct correlated insulating states: the ``magnetically correlated insulator,'' in which nontrivial intersite correlations play an essential role in stabilizing the insulating state, and the strongly correlated insulator, in which local physics suffices. Comparison of the calculations to the data places the cuprates in the magnetically correlated Mott insulator regime.

Emergence of rotational bands in ab initio no-core configuration interaction calculations of the Be isotopes

Abstract: The emergence of rotational bands is observed in no-core configuration interaction (NCCI) calculations for the $\mathrm{Be}$ isotopes ($7\ensuremath{\le}A\ensuremath{\le}12$), as evidenced by rotational patterns for excitation energies, electromagnetic moments, and electromagnetic transitions. Yrast and low-lying excited bands are found. The results indicate well-developed rotational structure in NCCI calculations, using the JISP16 realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction within finite, computationally accessible configuration spaces.

Modeling Molecular Systems at Extreme Pressure by an Extension of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) Based on the Symmetry-Adapted Cluster-Configuration Interaction (SAC-CI) Method: Confined Electronic Excited States of Furan as a Test Case.

Abstract: Novel molecular photochemistry can be developed by combining high pressure and laser irradiation. For studying such high-pressure effects on the confined electronic ground and excited states, we extend the PCM (polarizable continuum model) SAC (symmetry-adapted cluster) and SAC-CI (SAC-configuration interaction) methods to the PCM-XP (extreme pressure) framework. By using the PCM-XP SAC/SAC-CI method, molecular systems in various electronic states can be confined by polarizable media in a smooth and flexible way. The PCM-XP SAC/SAC-CI method is applied to a furan (C4H4O) molecule in cyclohexane at high pressure (1-60 GPa). The relationship between the calculated free-energy and cavity volume can be approximately represented with the Murnaghan equation of state. The excitation energies of furan in cyclohexane show blueshifts with increasing pressure, and the extents of the blueshifts significantly depend on the character of the excitations. Particularly large confinement effects are found in the Rydberg states. The energy ordering of the lowest Rydberg and valence states alters under high-pressure. The pressure effects on the electronic structure may be classified into two contributions: a confinement of the molecular orbital and a suppression of the mixing between the valence and Rydberg configurations. The valence or Rydberg character in an excited state is, therefore, enhanced under high pressure.

Angle-Dependent Ionization of Hydrides AHn Calculated by Time-Dependent Configuration Interaction with an Absorbing Potential.

Abstract: The angle dependence of strong-field ionization was studied for a set of second period hydrides (BH(3), CH(4), NH(3), H(2)O, and HF) and third period hydrides (AlH(3), SiH(4), PH(3), H(2)S, and HCl). Time-dependent configuration interaction with a complex absorbing potential was used to model ionization by a seven cycle 800 nm cosine squared pulse. The ionization yields were calculated as a function of the laser polarization and plotted as three-dimensional surfaces. The general shapes of angular dependence can be understood in terms of ionization from the highest occupied orbitals. Variations in the shapes with laser intensity indicate that ionization occurs not just from the highest occupied orbitals, but also from lower-lying orbitals. These deductions are supported by variations in the population analysis with the intensity of the laser field and the direction of polarization.

Singlet-triplet energy gaps for diradicals from particle-particle random phase approximation.

Abstract: The particle–particle random phase approximation (pp-RPA) for calculating excitation energies has been applied to diradical systems. With pp-RPA, the two nonbonding electrons are treated in a subspace configuration interaction fashion while the remaining part is described by density functional theory (DFT). The vertical or adiabatic singlet–triplet energy gaps for a variety of categories of diradicals, including diatomic diradicals, carbene-like diradicals, disjoint diradicals, four-π-electron diradicals, and benzynes are calculated. Except for some excitations in four-π-electron diradicals, where four-electron correlation may play an important role, the singlet–triplet gaps are generally well predicted by pp-RPA. With a relatively low O(r4) scaling, the pp-RPA with DFT references outperforms spin-flip configuration interaction singles. It is similar to or better than the (variational) fractional-spin method. For small diradicals such as diatomic and carbene-like ones, the error of pp-RPA is slightly larg...