Showing papers on "FOIL method published in 1999"

Formation of thin film capacitors

Abstract: Thin layer capacitors are formed from a first flexible metal layer, a dielectric layer between about 0.03 and about 2 microns deposited thereon, and a second flexible metal layer deposited on the dielectric layer. The first flexible metal layer may either be a metal foil, such as a copper, aluminum, or nickel foil, or a metal layer deposited on a polymeric support sheet. Depositions of the layers is by or is facilitate by combustion chemical vapor deposition or controlled atmosphere chemical vapor deposition.

Self-propagating formation reactions in Nb:Si multilayers

Abstract: Structural silicides with promising high temperature mechanical properties can be fabricated into near-net shapes using self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of powders. These silicides can also be formed from vapor deposited reactive multilayer foils. The foils typically contain hundreds of layers that alternate between two elements that will mix exothermically to form a compound. Once the formation reaction is ignited in a foil, it can self-propagate along the foil with a controlled velocity. This paper investigates self-propagating formation reactions in Nb/Si multilayers and demonstrates that their reaction velocities decrease as the individual Nb and Si layers thicken. The paper also explores the feasibility of forming the vapor-deposited foils, during reaction into complex shapes.

Aircraft de-icing system

Abstract: An electrothermal zoned de-icing system for an aircraft employs a heat-conducting tape bonded to the leading edge of an aircraft structure. The heat-conducting tape has a spanwise parting strip area, and first and second ice accumulation and shedding zones. The tape comprises a non-metallic electrical and heat conducting layer consisting of flexible expanded graphite foil laminated to an outer heat-conducting layer, in which the thickness of the flexible expanded graphite foil layer in the parting strip area is always greater than the thickness of the foil layer in either of the ice accumulation and shedding zones. Therefore, the parting strip area has a decreased electrical resistance, a greater flow of current, and becomes hotter than the zones in which the foil layer is thinner. Because the flexible expanded graphite foil is a monolithic structure that may be shaped, sculptured or layered to form different thicknesses in different areas, only a single control mechanism for a single set of electric terminals is necessary to produce desired watt densities and temperatures in the parting strip and ice accumulation and shedding zones.

Process for producing resonant tag

Abstract: A process for producing a resonant tag, wherein a metal foil having a thermal adhesion adhesive applied to at least one face thereof is stamped out into a circuit-like shape and is adhered to a base sheet, the process comprising: stamping out the metal foil into a predetermined shaped metal foil portion ( 4 c ) while being passed through a die roll ( 1 ) having thereon a stamping blade with a predetermined shape and a transfer roll ( 2 ) in contact with the die roll ( 1 ) which functions also as a die back-up roll; holding this metal foil portion obtained by the stamping-out operation onto the surface of the transfer roll by suction holes formed in the transfer roll; and thermally adhering the stamped metal foil portion to the base sheet ( 7 ) in contact with the transfer roll ( 2 ) at its another face by an adhesive roll ( 3 ) in contact with the transfer roll through the base sheet. The present invention has such advantages as no damage to the base sheet since the stamping-out operation for the metal foil and the thermal adhesion operation thereof to the base sheet are carried out in separate positions, and no requirement of carrier sheet because the resultant metal foil portion obtained by the stamping-out operation is sucked and held onto the surface of the transfer roll.

Zoned aircraft de-icing system and method

Abstract: An electrothermal zoned de-icing system for an aircraft employs a heat-conducting tape bonded to the leading edge of an aircraft structure subject to an impinging airstream during flight. The heat-conducting tape has a spanwise parting strip area, and first and second ice accumulation and shedding zones (132, 134). The tape comprises a non-metallic electrical and heat-conducting layer consisting of flexible expanded graphite foil laminated to an outer heat-conducting layer, in which the thickness of the flexible expanded graphite foil layer in the parting strip area is always greater than the thickness of the foil layer in either of the ice accumulation and shedding zones. Therefor, the parting strip area has a decreased electrical resistance, a greater flow of current, and becomes hotter than the zones in which the foil layer is thinner. Because the flexible expanded graphite foil is a monolithic structure that may be shaped, sculptured or layered to form different thicknesses in different areas, only a single control mechanism for a single set of electric terminals is necessary to produce temperature differentials in the parting strip and ice accumulation and shedding zones for a cycled zoned de-icing system.

Mechanical fatigue of thin copper foil

Abstract: The electrodeposited and the rolled 12 to 35 µm thick copper foils are subjected to the bending/unbending strain-controlled flex fatigue over a wide range of strain amplitudes. The fatigue life is associated with an increase in electrical resistance of the specimen beyond a preassigned threshold. For each foil type, in the rolled or as-deposited as well as in the (recrystallization-like) annealed conditions, the inverse Coffin-Manson (C-M) relationship between strain amplitude (Δe/2) and fatigue life (Nf) is established in the high Δe/2 (low Nf) and the low Δe/2 (high Nf) regimes. The Nf, Δe/2, and C-M slopes (c,b) are utilized to calculate the cyclic strain hardening (n′) and fatigue ductility (Df) parameters. It is shown that for a given foil thickness, an universal relationship exists between Df and the strength (σ) normalized fatigue life (Nf/σ). The propagation of fatigue crack through the foil thickness and across the sample width is related to the unique fine grain structure for each foil type: pancaked grains for the rolled foil and equiaxed grains for the electrodeposited foil. The fatal failure corresponds to convergence of the through-thickness and the across-the-width fatigue cracks. The variations in (i) electrical resistance, (ii) mid-thickness microhardness and grain structure and (iii) dislocation configurations with fatigue are monitored. Except for a small but significant fatigue induced softening (or hardening), no convincing evidence of strain localization (and the associated dislocation configurations generally observed for the bulk samples) has been found.

Sheet for cell and cell device

Abstract: A battery packet (50) comprises a battery case (51) formed by processing a battery case forming laminated sheet (10), a battery 50 a contained in the battery case (51), and tabs (59, 60) extending outside from the battery case (51). The battery case forming laminated sheet (10) is formed by laminating a first base film layer (1 a), i.e., an outermost layer, a metal foil layer (2), and a heat-adhesive resin layer (3) in that order. The first base film layer (1 a) is a biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate resin film or a biaxially oriented nylon resin film. The metal foil layer (2) is an aluminum or copper foil. The heat-adhesive resin layer (3) is formed of a polyolefin resin, more preferably, of an acid-denatured polyolefin resin.

Four-terminal capacitor

Abstract: Anodic valve metal foils, roughened and provided with dielectric layers, and collector metal foils (metal foils for collector) are laminated alternately to cross with cathodic electroconductive polymer layers therebetween. Anodic terminals and cathodic terminals are connected with the respective ends of the metal foils. For the anodic valve metal foils, an aluminum foil whose internal is an unroughened bulk metal layer is used. The collector metal foil is selected from the group consisting of an Al foil similar to the anodic valve metal foil, an Ni foil, a Cu foil, and an aluminum foil including carbon. As a result, a four-terminal capacitor to provide high capacitance, low impedance, high current-carrying capacity and less heat generation, as well as low ESR and low ESL, is obtained.

Formation of this film capacitors

Abstract: Thin layer capacitors are formed from a first flexible metal layer, a dielectric layer between about 0.03 and about 2 microns deposited thereon, and a second flexible metal layer deposited on the dielectric layer. The first flexible metal layer may either be a metal foil, such as a copper, aluminum, or nickel foil, or a metal layer deposited on a polymeric support sheet. Depositions of the layers is by or is facilitate by combustion chemical vapor deposition or controlled atmosphere chemical vapor deposition.

Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Study of Ultrathin Films of Azobenzene-Containing Long-Chain Fatty Acids on a Silver Surface Prepared by Silver Mirror and Nitric Acid Etched Silver Foil Methods

Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) Fourier transform (FT) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were measured for Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) and dipping films of azobenzene-containing long-chain fatty acids (nAmH, n = 8, 12, m = 3, 5) on silver substrates prepared by silver mirror and nitric acid etched silver foil methods. FT-IR spectra were also obtained for some of the films on silver mirror, silver foil, and CaF2 plate. The dipping films on the silver mirror always show much greater SERS effect than those on the silver foils, revealing that the silver mirror method is more powerful than the silver foil method in preparing the substrates suitable for the SERS measurements. The fatty acids assume the COO- form in the dipping films on the silver mirrors, while they mainly take the COOH form in the LB films on the silver mirror and CaF2 plate. Probably, silver reacts with the COOH groups during the dipping of the silver mirrors into the chloroform solutions of the azobenzene fatty acids. Bands at 1603 and 853 cm-...

Vacuum insulating panel, especially for refrigerators, has a microporous core encased in a 7-layer plastic foil with a polyolefin sealing layer, a gas barrier, a polyolefin layer and a metallised polymer layer

Abstract: Vacuum insulating panels (VIP) with a microporous core encased in a 7-layer plastic foil comprising a polyolefin heat-sealing layer (I), a gas barrier (III), polyolefin (IV) and a layer (V) of polyester, polyamide and/or polypropylene coated with vapour-deposited aluminium, SiOx or a Main Group 2 or 3 metal oxide, plus adhesive interlayers (II). An Independent claim is also included for plastic foil as described above.

Amorphous silicon transistors on ultrathin steel foil substrates

Abstract: Thin-film transistors of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) were fabricated on foils of stainless steel with thickness ranging down to 3 μm, which is less than three times the thickness of the deposited layers. Transistors made on foils from 3 to 200 μm thick exhibit comparable electrical performance. Two factors account for the feasibility of such thin device/substrate structures. One is that the built-in stress and the differential thermal contraction stress nearly cancel each other in steel/a-Si:H structures. The other is that on very thin foils the transistor structure offloads part of its strain to the steel foil.

Amorphous silicon transistors on ultrathin steel foil substrates

Abstract: Thin-film transistors of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) were fabricated on foils of stainless steel with thickness ranging down to 3 μm, which is less than three times the thickness of the deposited films. Transistors made on foils from 3 to 200 μm thick exhibit comparable electrical performance. Two factors account for the feasibility of such thin device/substrate structures. One is that the built-in stress and the differential thermal contraction stress nearly cancel each other in steel/a-Si:H structures. The other is that on very thin foils the transistor structure offloads part of its strain to the steel foil.

Compliant foil seal

Abstract: A compliant foil seal comprising at least one smooth resilient foil for facing a rotor and at least one bump foil for providing film riding stiffness and controlled deformation of the smooth resilient foil for providing an effective seal which is capable of operating reliably in the presence of large rotor excursions.

Connecting element for frictional connection of parts

Abstract: The connector (1), to give a reversible keyed transmission bond between workpieces to increase the friction between them without play, has a thin and spring elastic foil (2), in a thickness of less than or equals 0.2mm, with a residual strength at least equal to the workpieces being locked together. The foil carries particles (3) of a defined size at its surfaces, which have a pressure and shear strength greater than the materials of the joined workpieces. The foil carrier is a cold rolled spring steel strip. The particles are of hard materials such as carbides like SiC, WC and B4C; or nitrides such as Si3N4 and cubic BN; or borides; or SiO2 and Al2O3; or diamonds.

Evaluation of Advanced Solid Lubricant Coatings for Foil Air Bearings Operating at 25° and 500°C

Abstract: The tribological properties of one chrome oxide and one chrome carbide based solid lubricant coating were evaluated in a partial-arc foil bearing at 25° and 500°C. Start/stop bearing operation up to 20,000 cycles were run under 10 kPa (1.5 psi) static deadweight load. Bearing friction (torque) was measured during the test. Specimen wear and SEM/EDS surface analyses were conducted after testing to understand and elucidate the tribological characteristics observed. The chrome oxide coating which contains both Ag and BaF2/CaF2for low and high temperature lubrication, exhibited low friction in sliding against Al2O3 coated foils at 25° and 500°C. The chrome carbide coating, which lacked a low temperature lubricant but contained BaF2/CaF2 as a high temperature lubricant, exhibited high friction at 25°C and low friction at 500°C against both bare and Al2O3 coated superalloy foil surfaces. Post test surface analyses suggest that improved tribological performance is exhibited when a lubricant film from the coating...

Space-saving mobile device

Abstract: A mobile device (20) in which, in order to make the device thinner, at least one of the walls belonging to its structure (23, 26) has for a part of its area been made of thin plastic foil in order to reduce the thickness of the device. The same plastic foil also facilitates the printing of the product markings on it, e.g. by using laser-marking, prior to fixing the plastic foil in place.

Process for manufacturing an electromagnetic interference shielding superplastic alloy foil cladded outer shell product

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for manufacturing an electromagnetic interference shielding metallic foil cladded plastic outer shell product. A first side of a superplastic alloy foil is coated with an adhesive and then the foil is placed foil in a first half mold to allow the foil to be initially superplastically formed. A second half mold attached to a nozzle of an injection machine is covered onto the first half mold, and the two half molds are closed to further deform superplastic alloy foil. Softened plastic is introduced from the injection machine to a mold cavity between the foil and the second half mold, such that the superplastic alloy foil covered on the first half mold is completely formed and the softened plastic adheres on the adhesive-coated side of the superplastic alloy foil to form an electromagnetic interference shielding metallic foil cladded plastic outer shell product. Two types of products can be obtained, that is, the superplastic alloy foil can be either the outer wall or inner wall. Moreover, the final metallic plastic product can not only have as intricate a shape as an ordinary plastic product, but also a shielding effectiveness as high as an ordinary metallic shield.

Treated copper foil and process for making treated copper foil

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated copper foil, comprising: a copper foil with a layer of zinc oxide adhered to the base surface of at least one side of said copper foil, said layer of zinc oxide having a thickness of about 3 A to about 80 A; and a layer of a trivalent chromium oxide adhered to said layer of zinc oxide. In one embodiment, the foil has a layer of a silane coupling agent adhered to the layer of trivalent chromium oxide. The invention also relates to a process for applying the layer of zinc oxide and the layer of trivalent chromium oxide to the copper foil. The invention also relates to laminates comprising a dielectric substrate and the foregoing copper foil adhered to the substrate. In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate is comprised of an epoxy resin made with a curing agent that is other than an amine curing agent.

Resin-coated composite foil, production and use thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a resin-coated composite foil characterized in that an organic insulating layer is disposed on an ultra-thin copper foil is disposed on a supporting metal layer through an intermediate organic release layer. The resin-coated composite foil is free from the peeling or blistering between the supporting metal foil and the ultra-thin copper foil during the production of a copper clad laminate.

Systems and methods for making a magnetic recording medium on a flexible metal substrate

Abstract: A method is provided for processing a metal foil sheet to produce magnetic recording media. The method comprises providing an elongate metal foil sheet having a first side and a second side. The sheet is advanced through a plurality of processing stations in equal unit length segments such that each segment receives the same treatment to form a magnetic recording medium from each segment. Method are also provided to prepare the foil surfaces by polishing, texturing, cleaning, and stress relieving, to coat the prepared surfaces with at least one metal layer, to finish the coated layers by buffing, burnishing, and lubricating, and to form disk units from the prepared, coated and finished surfaces.

Heat-resistant insulating film, raw substrate for printed wiring board using the same and method for producing the substrate

Abstract: A raw substrate for a printed wiring board, characterized in that it comprises a film insulator comprising 65 to 35 wt.% of a polyarylketone resin and 35 to 65 wt.% of an amorphous polyetherimide resin and having a glass transition temperature of 150 to 230 °C and a peak temperature for crystal melting of 260 °C or higher, as measured by differential scanning colorimetry, and an electrically conductive foil adhered by fusion, optionally after providing a through hole and filling the hole with an electrically conductive paste, on at least one side of the film, and, after the adhesion by fusion of the foil, has a heat of fusion of crystal ΔHm and crystallization heat (which is generated by crystallization during the rise of temperature) ΔHc, as measured by differential scanning colorimetry in the course of temperature rise, which satisfy the following formula: [(ΔHm-ΔHc)/ΔHm]≤0.5

Rugged a-Si:H TFTs on Plastic Substrates

Abstract: Much of the mechanical strain in semiconductor devices can be relieved when they are made on compliant substrates. We demonstrate this strain relief with amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs) made on 25-µm thick polyimide foil, which can be bent to radii of curvature R down to 0.5 mm without substantial change in electrical characteristics. At R = 0.5 mm the channel area of the TFTs is strained by ~ 1%. The reduction in bending radius, from R ? 2 mm on steel foil of the same thickness, agrees with the theoretical prediction that changing from a stiff to a compliant substrate can reduce the bending strain in the device plane by a factor of up to 5.

Hot dieless foiling

Abstract: A process for the application of a pigmented or metallic layer from a foil to a substrate comprising: (i) applying an adhesive to the substrate; (ii) curing the adhesive; (iii) heating the substrate bearing the cured adhesive to render the adhesive tacky; and (iv) transferring the pigmented or metallic layer from the foil to the adhesive-bearing areas of the substrate.

Dose enhancement by a thin foil of high-Z material: a Monte Carlo study.

Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study the dose enhancement by a thin foil (thickness of 0.2–4 mm) of high-Z material in a water phantom, irradiated by high-energy photonbeams. EGS4 Monte Carlo technique was used. Perturbations on the beamspectra due to the presence of the foils, and dose enhancement dependence of photon-beam quality, beam incident angle, atomic number (Z), the thickness and size of the foil, and the depth of the foil situated in the phantom were studied. Analysis of photon and secondary-electron spectra indicates that the dose enhancement near an inhomogeneity interface is primarily due to secondary electrons. A calculation for 1-mm-thick planar lead foil in a water phantom shows that the dose enhancements at 0.25, 1, 2 and 3 mm away from the foil in the backward region were 58%, 37%, 24% and 17%, respectively, for a 15 MV beam. Calculations for a variety of planar foils and photonbeams show that dose enhancement: (a) increases with Z; (b) decreases with decreasing foil thickness when the foils are thinner than a certain value (1 mm for lead foil for 15 MV); (c) decreases with decreasing incident photon-beam energies; (d) changes slightly for beam incident angles less than 45° and more prominently for larger angles; (e) increases with size of foil; and (f) is almost independent of the depth at which the foil is situated when the foil is placed beyond the range of secondary electrons. The dose enhancement calculation is also performed for a cylindrically shaped lead foil irradiated by a four-field-box. The dose enhancement of 34%/13% was obtained at 0.25/2 mm away from the cylindrical outer interface for a 15 MV four-field-box.

Near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering of ultrathin films of CnAzoNaph(1,4)CmN+Br- (n = 7, 10, 12; m = 4, 6)

Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectra have been measured for a series of 4-[4‘-[[(4‘ ‘-alkyloxy)phenyl]azo]naphthyloxy] alkyltrimethylammonium compounds [CnAzoNaph(1,4)CmN+Br-] in a solid state, in a cast film on a CaF2 plate, and in dipping films on etching silver foils and for one- and three-layer Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films of C10AzoNaph(1,4)C4N+−sodium dextran sulfate (SDS) on a CaF2 plate and etching silver foils The one-monolayer LB film on the silver foil shows much more intense Raman signals than the 75-layer film on the CaF2 plate, showing a great surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect for the LB film on the silver foil Since SDS plays a role as a spacer, C10AzoNaph(1,4)C4N+ is not directly adsorbed on the silver surface Therefore, the strong SERS effect for the LB films of C10AzoNaph(1,4)C4N+−SDS may be explained by an electromagnetic mechanism The one-monolayer dipping film of C10AzoNaph(1,4)C4N+Br- on the silver foil shows about 10 times stronger Raman signals

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of thin metal films

Abstract: The nano-indentation method has been developed to evaluate the mechanical properties of metal films. In this study an indentation loading curve is employed to determine the yield strength and hardening index of an Al film on a Si substrate. The result is compared with that measured by a uniaxial tensile test with an Al film deposited on an Al foil. The yield strength of the Al film can be determined according to the testing results of this compound material and it agrees reasonably with that evaluated by the nano-indentation method. In addition, X-ray diffraction measurements of the four point bending specimen is used to measure the stress–strain curve of Cu films on steel substrate. The samples are prepared by ion beam enhanced deposition and magnetron-sputtering deposition. The results show that the strength of Cu film depends on the deposition technology and is much higher than that of the bulk material.

Correcting for electron contamination at dose maximum in photon beams

Abstract: Data are presented to allow the photon beam quality specifier being used in the new AAPM TG-51 protocol, %dd(10)x, to be extracted from depth-dose data measured with a 1 mm lead foil either 50 cm or 30 cm from the phantom surface. %dd(10)x is the photon component of the percentage depth dose at 10 cm depth for a 10x10 cm2 field on the surface of a phantom at an SSD of 100 cm. The purpose of the foil is to remove the unknown electron contamination from the accelerator head. Monte Carlo calculations are done: (a) to show these electrons are reduced to a negligible level; (b) to calculate the amount of electron contamination from the lead foil at the depth of dose maximum; and (c) to calculate the effect of beam hardening on %dd(10). The analysis extends the earlier work of Li and Rogers [Med. Phys. 21, 791-798 (1994)] which only provided data for the foil at 50 cm. An error in the earlier Monte Carlo simulations is reported and a more convenient method of analyzing and using the data is presented. It is shown that 20% variations in the foil thickness have a negligible effect on the calculated corrections.