Showing papers on "Four-stroke engine published in 2017"

Green technology and performance consequences of an eco-friendly substance on a 4-stroke diesel engine at standard injection timing and compression ratio

Abstract: This study experimentally focuses on finding the optimum blend ratio for Direct injection (D.I) diesel engine fuelled with mahua oildiesel and n-butanol- diesel without any modifications in the engine. Test fuels were prepared by choosing 8 different concentrations as B10 (10 % Biodiesel and 90 % Diesel), B20 (20 % Biodiesel and 80 % Diesel), B30 (30 % Biodiesel and 70 % Diesel), B40 (40 % Biodiesel and 60 % Diesel), BU10 (10 % n-butanol and 90 % Diesel), BU20 (20 % n-butanol and 80 % Diesel), BU30 (30 % n-butanol and 70 % Diesel), BU40 (40 % n-butanol and 60 % Diesel). Experiments were performed at constant speed and variable loads at standard injection timing of 23 Crank angle degree BTDC and standard compression ratio of 16.5:1 to determine the engine performance indicators and exhaust gas emissions such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, soot content and oxides of nitrogen. The optimum blend ratio for mahua biodiesel- diesel blend and n-butanol- diesel blend were determined and compared on eco-friendly and economical basis to gain the suitable substitute fuel. The result showed that Mahua biodiesel blend is eco-friendly and economically apt alternative fuel for diesel.

Effect of small proportion of butanol additive on the performance, emission, and combustion of Australian native first- and second-generation biodiesel in a diesel engine

Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the effect of the addition of 5% alcohol (butanol) with biodiesel-diesel blends on the performance, emissions, and combustion of a naturally aspirated four stroke multi-cylinder diesel engine at different engine speeds (1200 to 2400 rpm) under full load conditions. Three types of local Australian biodiesel, namely macadamia biodiesel (MB), rice bran biodiesel (RB), and waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB), were used for this study, and the data was compared with results for conventional diesel fuel (B0). Performance results showed that the addition of butanol with diesel-biodiesel blends slightly lowers the engine efficiency. The emission study revealed that the addition of butanol additive with diesel-biodiesel blends lowers the exhaust gas temperature (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emissions whereas it increases hydrocarbon (HC) emissions compared to B0. The combustion results indicated that in-cylinder pressure (CP) for additive added fuel is higher (0.45–1.49%), while heat release rate (HRR) was lower (2.60–9.10%) than for B0. Also, additive added fuel lowers the ignition delay (ID) by 23–30% than for B0. Finally, it can be recommended that the addition of 5% butanol with Australian biodiesel-diesel blends can significantly lower the NOx and PM emissions.

Yield at Thermal Engines Internal Combustion

Abstract: The paper presents an algorithm to set the parameters of the dynamics of the classic mechanism the main of internal combustion. It shows the distribution of the forces (on the main mechanism of the engine) on engines with internal combustion. With these strong points and together with speeds of kinematic couplings shall be determined when the output of the engine heat shield. The method shall be applied separately for two distinct situations: When the engine is working on a compressor and in the system of the engine. For the two individual cases, two independent formulae are obtained for the efficiency of the engine. With these relations is then calculated with respect to the mechanical efficiency of the engine heat shield Otto, in four-stroke, for two-stroke engines and 4 stroke V. the final yield of the engine is obtained taking into account and thermal efficiency given by the Cycle Carnot program.

Experimental investigation on spark ignition engine using blends of bio-ethanol produced from citrus peel wastes

Abstract: The performance and pollutant emissions of a four stroke spark ignition engine operating on gasoline and bio-ethanol blends were investigated experimentally. The citrus peel wastes were grinded and subjected to simple distillation to remove d-limonene and then the remains were kept in an autoclave at a temperature of 120°C for 15 min. Finally, by doing simple distillation, bio-ethanol was extracted. From the experiments, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) was slightly increased and the brake thermal efficiency was slightly decreased. Exhaust gas emissions were measured and analysed for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at an engine speed of 2500 rpm. The concentration of CO and HC emissions in the exhaust pipe was found to be decreased when bio-ethanol blends were used. The concentration of CO2 was found to be slightly increased and NOx was reduced when ethanol blends were used.

Yield at Thermal Engines Internal Combustion

Abstract: The paper presents an algorithm to set the parameters of the dynamics of the classic mechanism the main of internal combustion. It shows the distribution of the forces (on the main mechanism of the engine) on engines with internal combustion. With these strong points and together with speeds of kinematic couplings shall be determined when the output of the engine heat shield. The method shall be applied separately for two distinct situations: When the engine is working on a compressor and in the system of the engine. For the two individual cases, two independent formulae are obtained for the efficiency of the engine. With these relations is then calculated with respect to the mechanical efficiency of the engine heat shield Otto, in four-stroke, for two-stroke engines and 4 stroke V. the final yield of the engine is obtained taking into account and thermal efficiency given by the Cycle Carnot program.

Performance and emission characteristics of a low heat rejection engine using Nerium biodiesel and its blends

Abstract: In the present study, the surface of cylinder head, piston, exhaust and inlet valves of a four stroke direct injection and single cylinder diesel engine has been coated with partially stabilised zirconia (PSZ) by the plasma spray method. The coated engine was tested with the neat diesel and methyl ester of neat Nerium oil. The performance and emission results were compared with the uncoated engine fuelled with diesel and methyl ester of Nerium oil (MEON). Specific fuel consumption of the PSZ-coated engine was lower at all loads, because of the insulation effect of coating and changes in combustion process due to coating. The brake thermal efficiency of PSZ-coated engine fuelled with MEON is 3.8% higher than uncoated engine fuelled with MEON. The emission for the PSZ-coated engine with diesel was improved compared with uncoated engine except NOx.

Friction characteristics of piston rings in a free-piston engine generator

Abstract: Free-piston engine generator is a new alternative to traditional reciprocating engine, which moves without mechanical restriction of crankshaft system. This article investigated numerically the fri...

Effect of Metallic Nano-additives on Combustion Performance and Emissions of DI CI Engine Fuelled with Palmkernel Methyl Ester

Abstract: Compression ignition engines are widely used due to their lower energy consumption and enhanced combustion efficiency. In this experimental investigation, the feasibility of fuelling a single cylinder 4 stroke direct injection compression ignition engine with methyl esters of palmkernel (PME) oil along with various fractions of aluminium oxide nano particles (ANOP) were analysed. Two stage transesterification process was adopted to prepare PME. PME20 blend was formulated and fused using high speed homogenizer with varying proportions of AONP as 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm in the presence of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant. The experimental investigations were conducted at rated power of 3.5kW at 1500rpm. It was noticed that supplementation of AONP affected the ignition delay significantly favouring enhanced combustion efficiency. The rate of heat release and in-cylinder pressure was substantially increased with notable reduction in ignition delay. Addition of AONP showed an increase in brake thermal efficiency and exhaust gas temperature with diminution in brake specific energy consumption. The unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke density decreased sharply with an upsurge in NOx. Increase in AONP concentration up-to 100 ppm with PME20 was found to give better combustion and performance characteristics.

Experimental Investigation of Neutralized Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel and Diesel Fuels in a Direct Injection Diesel Engine at Different Engine Loads

Abstract: In this study, the effects of neutralized waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel mixture (B30) and diesel fuels on combustion, performance and emission characteristics were investigated and compared experimentally in a four stroke, single cylinder direct injection diesel engine at different engine loads. For this reason the test engine was operated with different engine loads including 3.75, 7.5, 11.25, 15 and 18.75 Nm at 2200 rpm engine speed. The variations of in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, cyclic variations, combustion duration and CO, CO 2 , NO x and soot emissions were determined. The test results showed that in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate increased with B30 compared to diesel for all engine loads due to better oxidation reactions. CO and soot emissions reduced by about 57.9 % and 25.5 % with biodiesel compared to diesel at 18.75 Nm. It was also found that higher indicated mean effective pressure (imep) was obtained with B30 according to neat diesel. Besides, shorter combustion duration was determined with B30. Combustion and performance characteristics can be improved with biodiesel compared to diesel. As a result, neutralized waste cooking oil biodiesel-diesel fuel mixture (B30) could be easily used without engine modifications in diesel engine.

An optimization of free-piston engine generator combustion using variable piston motion:

Abstract: The free-piston engine generator has been a research focus lately due to its crankless structure and unconstrained piston motion, which brings about some weaknesses for the combustion process. This...