Showing papers on "Genus published in 2005"
TL;DR: It is concluded that cox1 sequencing, or ‘barcoding’, can be used to identify fish species.
Abstract: GC than sharks (44.7% versus 41.0%), again largely due to higher GC in the 3rd codon position in the former (36.3% versus 26.8%). Average within-species, genus, family, order and class Kimura two parameter (K2P) distances were 0.39%, 9.93%, 15.46%, 22.18% and 23.27%, respectively. All species could be differentiated by their cox1 sequence, although single individuals of each of two species had haplotypes characteristic of a congener. Although DNA barcoding aims to develop species identification systems, some phylogenetic signal was apparent in the data. In the neighbourjoining tree for all 754 sequences, four major clusters were apparent: chimaerids, rays, sharks and teleosts. Species within genera invariably clustered, and generally so did genera within families. Three taxonomic groups—dogfishes of the genus Squalus, flatheads of the family Platycephalidae, and tunas of the genus Thunnus—were examined more closely. The clades revealed after bootstrapping generally corresponded well with expectations. Individuals from operational taxonomic units designated as Squalus species B through F formed individual clades, supporting morphological evidence for each of these being separate species. We conclude that cox1 sequencing, or ‘barcoding’, can be used to identify fish species.
3,212 citations
TL;DR: A phylogenetic analysis of the optimised nucleotide (nt) alignment of the entire ORFs of each fully-sequenced species in the family Potyviridae provided strong support for several subgroups within the genus Potyvirus, suggesting that the continuum of variation that is theoretically available is constrained or disrupted by molecular barriers that must have some biological significance.
Abstract: A phylogenetic analysis of the optimised nucleotide (nt) alignment of the entire ORFs of a representative of each fully-sequenced species in the family Potyviridae provided strong support for several subgroups within the genus Potyvirus. A complete set of two-way comparisons was done between the sequences for the entire ORF and for each gene amongst all the 187 complete sequences from the family. Most species had 50–55% nt identity to other members of their genus in their ORFs but there were significant groups of more closely related species and species demarcation criteria were <76% nt identity and <82% amino acid identity. The corresponding thresholds for species demaracation using nt identity values for the individual genes ranged from 58% (P1 gene) to 74–78% (other genes) although a few comparisons between different species exceeded these values. For the entire ORF, genus demarcation criteria were <46% nt identity but this did not separate rymoviruses from potyviruses. Comparisons in the CI gene most accurately reflected those for the complete ORF and this region would therefore be the best for diagnostic and taxonomic studies if only a sub-portion of the genome is to be sequenced. Further comparisons were then made using all the 1220 complete capsid protein (CP) genes. These studies suggest that 76–77% nt identity is the optimal species demarcation criterion for the CP. The study has also helped to allocate the correct virus name to some sequences from the international databases that currently have incorrect or redundant names. The taxonomic status of the current genus Rymovirus and of three unassigned species in the family is discussed. Significant discontinuities in the distributions within and between the currently defined species suggest that the continuum of variation that is theoretically available is constrained or disrupted by molecular barriers that must have some biological significance.
487 citations
TL;DR: The basis of the symbiosis is nutritional, with the dinoflagellates playing a significant role in host nourishment and physiology, and photosynthetically fixed carbon can be translocated from the algae at a rate and volume capable of meeting the hosts’ respiratory demands.
376 citations
TL;DR: A cladistic analysis of generic relationships has been used to test the validity of currently held views on family and subfamily groupings, based upon an exhaustive study of nymphal and adult morphology, including both external and internal adult structures.
Abstract: The history of cicada family classification is reviewed and the current status of all previously proposed families and subfamilies summarized. All tribal rankings associated with the Australian fauna are similarly documented. A cladistic analysis of generic relationships has been used to test the validity of currently held views on family and subfamily groupings. The analysis has been based upon an exhaustive study of nymphal and adult morphology, including both external and internal adult structures, and the first comparative study of male and female internal reproductive systems is included. Only two families are justified, the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. The latter are here considered to comprise three subfamilies, the Cicadinae, Cicadettinae n.stat. (= Tibicininae auct.) and the Tettigadinae (encompassing the Tibicinini, Platypediidae and Tettigadidae). Of particular note is the transfer of Tibicina Amyot, the type genus of the subfamily Tibicininae, to the subfamily Tettigadinae. The subfamily Plautillinae (containing only the genus Plautilla) is now placed at tribal rank within the Cicadinae. The subtribe Ydiellaria is raised to tribal rank. The American genus Magicicada Davis, previously of the tribe Tibicinini, now falls within the Taphurini. Three new tribes are recognized within the Australian fauna, the Tamasini n.tribe to accommodate Tamasa Distant and Parnkalla Distant, Jassopsaltriini n.tribe to accommodate Jassopsaltria Ashton and Burbungini n.tribe to accommodate Burbunga Distant. Additional tribal changes occur within the Australian fauna: Anapsaltoda Ashton, Arenopsaltria Ashton, Henicopsaltria Stal, Neopsaltoda Distant and Psaltoda Stal are transferred from Cyclochilini to Cryptotympanini leaving Cyclochilini monotypic; Chrysocicada Boulard is transferred from Parnisini to Taphurini; Diemeniana Distant, Gudanga Distant and Quintilia infans (Walker) (representing a new genus) from Parnisini to Cicadettini; and Marteena Moulds and Abricta borealis (Goding & Froggatt) (the latter also representing a new genus) from Taphurini to Cicadettini. A new subtribe is proposed in the tribe Taphurini, Tryellina n.subtribe. Diagnostic descriptions are provided for all families, subfamilies, tribes and subtribes treated in this work. Keys to families and subfamilies are presented together with a key to the tribes of Australian Cicadoidea. Terminologies for external and internal morphology of the Cicadoidea are summarized in 30 detailed figures. New structures and features of significant taxonomic importance are identified and named. A stridulatory mechanism found in the Australian genus Cyclochila is described for the first time.
219 citations
TL;DR: This study establishes a phylogenetic framework for future studies in the hyper-diverse genus Croton, indicates a New World origin for the genus, and will soon be used to evaluate wood anatomical, cytological, and morphological data in the Crotoneae tribe.
Abstract: Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequence data are presented for the giant genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) and related taxa. Sampling comprises 88 taxa, including 78 of the estimated 1223 species and 29 of the 40 sections previously recognized of Croton. It also includes the satellite genus Moacroton and genera formerly placed in tribe Crotoneae. Croton and all sampled segregate genera form a monophyletic group sister to Brasiliocroton, with the exception of Croton sect. Astraea, which is reinstated to the genus Astraea. A small clade including Moacroton, Croton alabamensis, and C. olivaceus is sister to all other Croton species sampled. The remaining Croton species fall into three major clades. One of these is entirely New World, corresponding to sections Cyclostigma, Cascarilla, and Velamea sensu Webster. The second is entirely Old World and is sister to a third, also entirely New World clade, which is composed of at least 13 of Webster's sections of Croton. This study establishes a phylogenetic framework for future studies in the hyper-diverse genus Croton, indicates a New World origin for the genus, and will soon be used to evaluate wood anatomical, cytological, and morphological data in the Crotoneae tribe.
213 citations
TL;DR: The present study clearly indicated a sister relationship between the Atlantic and Oceanian species, which now have distantly separated geographic distributions, and suggest that the hypotheses for the dispersal route and divergence time of the genus Anguilla should be reconsidered.
179 citations
TL;DR: Wilson et al. as discussed by the authors described Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 794 p + CD ROM. Price US$110.00.
Abstract: Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 53 (1-2): 297-304, March-June 2005 (www.tropiweb.com) Wilson, E.O. 2003 Pheidole in the New World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Ant Genus Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 794 p + CD ROM. ISBN 0-674-00293. Price US$110.00. Review with a special emphasis on the Brazilian Pheidole ant fauna and megadiversity distribution in American countries
131 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Illustrated keys for the identification of the fourth-instar larvae and adult females of the mosquito genera Culex and Lutzia is presented, along with information on the geographic distribution of each species, and bionomics.
Abstract: Illustrated keys for the identification of the fourth-instar larvae and adult females of the mosquito genera Culex and Lutzia is presented, along with information on the geographic distribution of each species, and bionomics. Eighty-two species belonging to subgenera Culex, Culiciomyia, Eumelanomyia, Lophoceraomyia, and Oculeomyia of genus Culex, and three species belonging to subgenus Metalutzia of genus Lutzia are recognized in Thailand. Subgenus Oculeomyia includes a probable new species near Cx. infula and Lt. vorax is recognized as a new country record.
127 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A synoptic classification of the Tenebrionidae is presented and the following family-group names were based on preoccupied type genera and are there -
Abstract: A synoptic classification of the Tenebrionidae is presented. The family is divided into 10 subfamilies, 96 tribes and 61 subtribes. A catalogue containing 319 family-group names based on 266 genera is also included. Each family-group name entry includes data on original spelling and type genus. All references associated with family-group and genus-group names were examined (except where indicated otherwise) and listed in the bibliography. Current usage of family-group and genus- group names were preserved, when possible, to promote stability of the classification. A summary of the required changes of family-group names in Tenebrionidae is presented in a tabular format. The following family-group names were based on preoccupied type genera and are there -
126 citations
DOI•
04 May 2005TL;DR: The information presented herein correspond only to the land native mammals of Mexico, but the mention of two aquatic genus is made, and are excluded the components of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia.
Abstract: Taking into account the methodological advancements of the last eight years, the updating of the list to subspecific level of the land native mammals of Mexico (Class Mammalia) is been proposed, including nomenclatural changes that have taken place after 1996. The taxonomic changes, which are included, correspond to suggestion of new classification system, one above the specific level and another for the Order Chiroptera; description of new species; changes of taxonomic status of subgenera, genera, subfamilies, and families; sequence of the different orders into the classification system; separation of the components at generic and specific levels, revalidation of the species and subspecies names; incorporation of the names of species and subspecies into the synonym of others; and, correction of the nomenclature of others. The taxonomic categories mentioned in this paper belong to 12 orders, 34 families, 165 genera (13 are endemics), and 475 species (169 are endemics), 204 are monotypic and, 271 are polytypic species with 951 subspecies, 26 species exclusive to islands The information presented herein correspond only to the land native mammals of Mexico, but the mention of two aquatic genus (Enhydra and Lontra) is made, and are excluded the components of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia.
126 citations
TL;DR: The phylogeny of all except two of the species placed in the Cryptigata and Acanthopneuste groups, as well as two recently described species and representatives of all subgenera and major clades in Phylloscopus and Seicercus recognized by previous studies are estimated.
TL;DR: This work investigates spatial and temporal patterns of diversification within the Neotropical avifauna using the phylogenetic history of parrots traditionally belonging to the genus Pionopsitta Bonaparte 1854, which encompasses species that occur in most Neotropic forest areas of endemism.
Abstract: Aim We investigate spatial and temporal patterns of diversification within the Neotropical avifauna using the phylogenetic history of parrots traditionally belonging to the genus Pionopsitta Bonaparte 1854. This genus has long been of interest for those studying Neotropical biogeography and diversity, as it encompasses species that occur in most Neotropical forest areas of endemism. Location The Neotropical lowland forests in South and Central America. Methods Phylogenetic relationships were investigated for all species of the genus Pionopsitta and five other short-tailed parrot genera using complete sequences of the mitochondrial genes cyt b and ND2 as well as 26 plumage characters. The resulting phylogeny was used to test the monophyly of the genus, investigate species limits, and as a framework for reconstructing their historical biogeography and patterns of diversification. Results We found that the genus Pionopsitta, as previously defined, is not monophyletic and thus the Choco ´ , Central American and Amazonian species will now have to be placed in the genus Gypopsitta. The molecular and morphological phylogenies are largely congruent, but disagree on the position of one of the Amazon basin taxa. Using molecular sequence data, we estimate that species within Gypopsitta diversified between 8.7 and 0.6 Ma, with the main divergences occurring between 3.3 and 6.4 Ma. These temporal results are compared to other taxa showing similar vicariance patterns. Main conclusions The results suggest that diversification in Gypopsitta was influenced mainly by geotectonic events, marine transgressions and river dynamics, whereas Quaternary glacial cycles of forest change seem to have played a minor role in the origination of the currently recognized species.
TL;DR: During biodiversity surveys in Khammouan Province, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, specimens of an unknown species of hystricognathous rodent were discovered in local markets being sold for food; local hunters explaining that these rock rats were trapped in the nearby limestone karst.
Abstract: During biodiversity surveys in Khammouan Province, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, specimens of an unknown species of hystricognathous rodent were discovered in local markets being sold for food; local hunters explaining that these rock rats were trapped in the nearby limestone karst. These specimens are described here on the basis of their unique combination of external and craniodental features as members of a new family, genus and species, using comparative morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses of morphological data and of 12S rRNA and cytochrome b are presented on selected taxa from all suborders of Rodentia. The results of the molecular and morphological analyses are compared and provide the basis for a discussion of relationships of the new taxon within the Rodentia and Hystricognatha. The disjunct distribution of hystricognaths is recognised as problematic, with most families occurring in the main distributional area of South America, several others in Africa and only on...
TL;DR: The first thorough cladistic analysis of the Hippopotamidae is presented here, including 37 morphological characters coded for 15 extant and fossil taxa, as well as non-coded features of mandibular morphology, was used to reconstruct broad outlines of hippo phylogeny.
TL;DR: A checklist of the Amphisbaenidae is presented in this paper where a total of 190 species are included, distributed in four families as follows: Amphibianidae (178 species in 18 genera), Bipedidae (3 species in one genus), Rhineuridae (1 species in 1 genus), and Trogonophidae (8 species in 4 genera).
Abstract: A checklist of the Amphisbaenidae is presented. A total of 190 species are included, distributed in four families as follows: Amphisbaenidae (178 species in 18 genera), Bipedidae (3 species in 1 genus), Rhineuridae (1 species in 1 genus), and Trogonophidae (8 species in 4 genera). Additionally, a complete bibliography is included with the references published in this and the preceding centuries about Amphisbaenidae. Within references, information is offered about the species discussed in the papers, the kind of information presented, and further special notes.
TL;DR: Results from the analysis of chloroplast trnL-trnF and nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 sequence data and 35 morphological characters for 134 taxa of pleurocarpous mosses provide an evidence for resurrecting two moss families, Pseudoleskeaceae and Pylaisiaceae.
Abstract: Results from our analysis of chloroplast trnL-trnF and nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 sequence data and 35 morphological characters for 134 taxa of pleurocarpous mosses provide an evidence for resurrecting two moss families, Pseudoleskeaceae and Pylaisiaceae. Both these families were described by Schimper in 1860, but soon afterwards included in Leskeaceae and Hypnaceae, respectively, and apparently never used in the 20 t h century. However, sequence-level data analysis (chloroplast encoded trnL intron and trnL-trnF spacer, nuclear encoded ITS1 & ITS2), and combined molecular and morphological analysis demonstrate the remote position of (1) the Lescuraea-group from the main part of Leskeaceae; and (2) a group of species belonging to Pylaisia, Homomallium and Hypnum (sections others than sect. Hypnum} from Hypnum sect. Hypnum (with H. cupressiforme as the type of the genus).
TL;DR: The data suggest that presently identified morpho-species of Tribonema may not be useful as evolutionary units or in biodiversity assessment of freshwater ecosystems.
Abstract: The genus Tribonema (Xanthophyceae) is a common component of many freshwater ecosystems. It is distinguished by its H-shaped bipartite walls and filamentous habit. Species identification has relied on few morphological characters, especially filament size and plastid numbers. We approached the question of interspecific relationships within the genus by sequencing the plastid-encoded rbcL gene of 10 species of Tribonema. We sequenced multiple samples of seven of these species from throughout Europe. Our data suggest that T. hormidioides (Vischer) Lokhorst is closely related to the genus Xanthonema from which it has recently been removed, and should be returned to that genus. Most other samples of Tribonema belong to a single clade, which includes Bumilleriopsis filiformis Vischer. None of the repeatedly sampled species of Tribonema, except T. microchloron Ettl (two samples), are monophyletic. Trends in character divergence within clades were seen with a clade containing mostly species with wide fi...
TL;DR: This paper used mitochondrial sequences from the cytochrome b, ND2, and ND3 genes to present the first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship among all Myioborus species level taxa.
TL;DR: The discovery of the first Asian plethodontid salamander, from montane woodlands in southwestern Korea, is reported, which differs osteologically from putative relatives, especially with respect to the tongue (attached protrusible) and the derived tarsus.
Abstract: It is widely thought that the major patterns of distribution of tetrapods are known. New species crop up from time to time, but typically in remote tropical regions, and only rarely are they novel lineages. Amphibians appear to be exceptions: a new frog species reported in Nature (425, 711–714; 2003) was so distinct that it was placed in a new family — though it was also from an understudied tropical region in India. But the discovery of a new salamander species in the North Temperate region comes as a major surprise. Found in South Korea, the new species resembles North American genera of the Plethodontidae family. The presence of plethodontids in Asia has many phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Nearly 70% of the 535 species of salamanders in the world are members of a single family, the Plethodontidae, or lungless salamanders1. The centre of diversity for this clade is North and Middle America, where the vast majority (99%) of species are found. We report the discovery of the first Asian plethodontid salamander, from montane woodlands in southwestern Korea. The new species superficially resembles members of North American genera, in particular the morphologically conservative genus Plethodon. However, phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear encoded gene Rag-1 shows the new taxon to be widely divergent from Plethodon. The new salamander differs osteologically from putative relatives, especially with respect to the tongue (attached protrusible) and the derived tarsus2,3,4,5,6. We place the species in a new genus on the basis of the morphological and molecular data. The distribution of the new salamander adds to the enigma of Old World plethodontids, which are otherwise restricted to the western Mediterranean region7,8, suggesting a more extensive past distribution of the family.
TL;DR: Phylogenetic relationships among the basal Cucujoidea were reconstructed by a cladistic analysis of a data matrix consisting of 37 exemplar taxa and 99 adult and larval characters.
Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among the basal Cucujoidea were reconstructed by a cladistic analysis of a data matrix consisting of 37 exemplar taxa and 99 adult and larval characters. Eight most parsimonious cladograms provided evidence for the polyphyly of Phloeostichidae, the paraphyly of Cucujoidea (with respect to the placement of Trogossitidae), and the monophyly of Protocucujidae + Sphindidae, Biphyllidae + Erotylidae, Cryptophagidae, Cucujidae + Silvanidae, Propalticidae + Laemophloeidae, and the Nitidulidae groups (Nitidulidae, Smicripidae, and Brachypteridae). The following families are elevated from subfamily to family status: Agapythidae (one genus), Phloeostichidae (four genera; the subfamilies Phloeostichinae and Hymaeinae are supressed), Priasilphidae (three genera), Tasmosalpingidae (one genus), and Myraboliidae (one genus). These families are described in detail and adult and larval keys to all families of Cucujoidea are provided. The genus Bunyastichus, gen. nov. (type species: B. monteithi, sp. nov.) is described in the family Phloeostichidae and the family Priasilphidae is revised with the following new taxa: Chileosilpha, gen. nov. (type species: C. elguetai, sp. nov.), Priasilpha (P. angulata, sp. nov., P. aucklandica, sp. nov., P. bufonia, sp. nov., P. carinata, sp. nov., P. earlyi, sp. nov., and P. embersoni, sp. nov.), Priastichus (P. crowsoni, sp. nov. and P. megathorax, sp. nov.).
TL;DR: An extensive survey of the ectoparasites infesting bats in Paraguay provides information regarding the taxonomy and host distribution of streblid bat flies at a geographic interface between subtropical and temperate habitats.
Abstract: An extensive survey of the ectoparasites infesting bats in Paraguay provides information regarding the taxonomy and host distribution of streblid bat flies at a geographic interface between subtropical and temperate habitats. Five families of bats representing 45 species, including Molossidae (5 genera and 15 species), Natalidae (1 genus and 1 species), Phyllostomidae (11 genera and 15 species), Noctilionidae (1 genus and 2 species), and Vespertilionidae (4 genera and 12 species) were collected from 24 localities across Paraguay and sampled for ectoparasites. In total, 2,467 bat flies were collected, representing 11 genera and 31 nominal species of Streblidae, of which 6 genera and 24 species are new records for Paraguay. No streblids were collected from vespertilionid bats; 23 species infested phyllostomids, 6 species noctilionids, 1 species a natalid, and 1 species molossids. Streblid bat flies were highly specific to certain host groups and individual host species, and their geographic distributions closely followed those of their host bats. Of 31 streblid species surveyed, 27 were monoxenous (i.e., associated with a single host species), and 4 were stenoxenous (i.e., associated with a group of phylogenetically related hosts). The number of streblid species is greatly reduced in the Chaco region west of the Paraguay River, largely because of the lack of phyllostomid host bats.
TL;DR: The presence of Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima is confirmed, although a comparison with the narrow needle-shaped taxa reported earlier in the previous century is not possible, and morphometrics, taxonomic discussion and distribution patterns are more completely documented for these two species.
TL;DR: There was strong support for monophyly of most accepted genera in the group, many of which are consistent with eyespot morphology, and the biogeographic implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are evaluated for vertebrate hosts and Tertiary continental arrangements.
Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of Glossiphoniidae, a leech family characterised by its high degree of parental care, were investigated with the combined use of morphological data and three molecular datasets. There was strong support for monophyly of most accepted genera in the group, many of which are consistent with eyespot morphology. The genera Desserobdella Barta & Sawyer, 1990 and Oligobdella Moore, 1918 are suppressed as junior synonyms of Placobdella Blanchard, 1893 and thus recognising each of Placobdella picta (Verrill, 1872) Moore, 1906, Placobdella phalera (Graf, 1899) Moore, 1906, and Placobdella biannulata (Moore, 1900), comb. nov. The species Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill, 1872) Castle, 1900 and Helobdella modesta (Verrill, 1872), comb. nov. are resurrected for the North American counterparts to European non-sanguivorous species. Glossphonia baicalensis (Stschegolew, 1922), comb. nov. is removed from the genus Torix Blanchard 1898 and Alboglossiphonia quadrata (Moore, 1949) Sawyer, 1986 is removed from the genus Hemiclepsis Vejdovsky, 1884. The biogeographic implications of the phylogenetic hypothesis are evaluated in the context of what is already known for vertebrate hosts and Tertiary continental arrangements.
TL;DR: Taxonomic diagnoses of all the species of Platyrrhinus based on character optimizations as well as descriptions of four new species are presented, making it the most speciose genus in the family Phyllostomidae.
Abstract: Platyrrhinus, comprising 10 species of broad-nosed bats, is one of the most diverse genera in the Neotropical family Phyllostomidae. To evaluate the content and limits of this genus, the phylogenetic relationships among these species and other closely related taxa were examined using a data set of 60 morphological characters including external, cranial, dental, and post-cranial characters. Four species (Carollia subrufa, Sturnira erythromos, Uroderma magnirostrum, and Vampyrodes caraccioli) of the family Phyllostomidae were used as outgroups to test the monophyly of Platyrrhinus and to resolve intrageneric relationships. Parsimony analysis resulted in two most parsimonious trees. The results support Platyrrhinus monophyly with a bootstrap value of 84% and a Bremer support of 3. Three synapomorphies are recognized for the genus. The results also support the recognition of P. umbratus as a junior synonym of P. dorsalis, the division of P. dorsalis into three distinct species, and the discovery of t...
TL;DR: Numerical cladistic analysis reveals that this novel combination of characters defines a new fossil plant genus and species of walchian conifers Hanskerpia hamiltonensis, and supports some previously proposed relationships among the most primitive conifer and other Paleozoic coniferophytes.
Abstract: A new fossilized walchian (Voltziales) conifer plant from the Late Pennsylvanian Hamilton Quarry of Kansas, U.S.A. combines morphological characters of the morphogenus Walchia and the fossil plant genus Otovicia, with cuticular characters like those of the fossil plant genus Ernestiodendron, and seed cone morphology like that of the fossil plant genus Emporia. Internal anatomical characters are basically similar to the other walchian genera for which such features are known, but some are taxonomically informative. Numerical cladistic analysis reveals that this novel combination of characters defines a new fossil plant genus and species of walchian conifers Hanskerpia hamiltonensis. This analysis provides a test of hypotheses for relationships among walchian and other ancient conifers. Results of this analysis support some previously proposed relationships among the most primitive conifers and other Paleozoic coniferophytes. However, the analysis also calls to question the validity of all previously proposed familial circumscriptions for walchian conifers, and highlights the perplexing systematic challenges posed by the most ancient fossil conifers. The unexpected species richness of voltzialean conifers is interpreted as having resulted from the evolutionary ecology of unstable environments.
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: In this paper, eleven new species of Arachi s L. (Leguminosae) are described, representing seven of the nine taxonomic sections of the genus, and they are treated with their own specific epithet; one species had been collected before 1994, but the material was in sufficient doubt to not be mentioned in the Monograph.
Abstract: Eleven new species of Arachi s L. (Leguminosae) are described, representing seven of the nine taxonomic sections of the genus. Eight of the new species were referred to, and classified, in the monograph of Krapovickas and Gregory, but are now treated with their own specific epithet; one species had been collected before 1994, but the material was in sufficient doubt to not be mentioned in the Monograph, and two species were collected after that monograph was submitted for publication. The description of these eleven species will help clarify the systematics of the genus Arachi s , as well as aid in our understanding of the evolutionary path of certain important materials. Some of these may have played a role in developments which lead to the origin of the cultivated peanut
TL;DR: Analysis of recN sequences should prove a powerful tool for assigning strains to species within Geobacillus, and perhaps within other genera as well.
Abstract: Full-length recN and 16S rRNA gene sequences were determined for a collection of 68 strains from the thermophilic Gram-positive genus Geobacillus, members of which have been isolated from geographically and ecologically diverse locations. Phylogenetic treeing methods clustered the isolates into nine sequence similarity groups, regardless of which gene was used for analysis. Several of these groups corresponded unambiguously to known Geobacillus species, whereas others contained two or more type strains from species with validly published names, highlighting a need for a re-assessment of the taxonomy for this genus. For taxonomic analysis of bacteria related at a genus, species or subspecies level, recN sequence comparisons had a resolving power nearly an order or magnitude greater than 16S rRNA gene comparisons. Mutational saturation rendered recN comparisons much less powerful than 16S rRNA gene comparisons for analysis of higher taxa, however. Analysis of recN sequences should prove a powerful tool for assigning strains to species within Geobacillus, and perhaps within other genera as well.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Cladistic analysis indicates the new taxon is a basal tyrannosauroid and its presence in eastern North America suggests that the recent common ancestor of Tyrannosauridae probably evolved following the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway.
Abstract: Abstract The discovery of a new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Demopolis Formation (middle Campanian) of Alabama increases the known diversity of the clade, although it does not elucidate the place of initial dispersal. This subadult tyrannosauroid is the most complete non-avian theropod collected and described from the Cretaceous of eastern North America. In contrast to tyrannosaurids, the new taxon possesses several plesiomorphic characters, including lacrimals that lack a distinct peaked cornual process, and a dorsoventrally shallow horizontal ramus of the maxilla. Autapomorphies include a wide jugal process of the ectopterygoid, a caudal pneumatic foramen of the palatine that pierces the rostral half of the vomeropterygoid process of the bone, an articular surface for the lacrimal on the palatine that is distally positioned on the dorsolateral process, and pedal unguals that have a distinct proximodorsal lip over the articular surface. Cladistic analysis indicates the new taxon is a basal tyrannosauroid and its presence in eastern North America suggests that the recent common ancestor of Tyrannosauridae probably evolved following the transgression of the Western Interior Seaway. Cladistic analysis indicates that Dryptosaurus aquilunguis is also a basal tyrannosauroid but is less derived than the new genus.
TL;DR: The Mediterranean Grateloupia specimens are genetically and morphologically similar to Pacific specimens of the same species, although in the Thau Lagoon, G. asiatica specimens are morphologically more variable than those found in Japanese populations.
Abstract: M. VERLAQUE, P.M. BRANNOCK ,T. K OMATSU ,M. V ILLALARD-BOHNSACK AND M. MARSTON. 2005. The genus Grateloupia C. Agardh (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in the Thau Lagoon (France, Mediterranean): a case study of marine plurispecific introductions. Phycologia 44: 477-496. Based on morphological data and molecular analyses (Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), rbcL and mito- chondrial cox2-cox3 spacer sequences) of Grateloupia spp. populations in the Thau Lagoon (France, Mediterranean) we demonstrated that at least five exotic species of Grateloupia were introduced. These include: (1) Grateloupia asiatica, a recently described species that was previously misidentified as G. filicinain Japan and Grateloupia sp. in the Thau Lagoon; (2) G. lanceolata from Japan; (3) G. luxurians, a Pacific species described as G. filicinavar. luxurians; (4) G. patens from Japan; and (5) G. turuturu, a Japanese species previously misidentified as G. doryphora in the NE and NW Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. These nonnative species probably were introduced in the Thau Lagoon in the 1970s along with the massive importations of Japanese oysters, Crassostrea gigas, into Europe for mariculture purposes. Since their introduction, they all have established large, reproductive populations with the exception of G. patens. The Mediterranean Grateloupia specimens are genetically and morphologically similar to Pacific specimens of the same species, although in the Thau Lagoon, G. asiatica specimens are morphologically more variable than those found in Japanese populations. This is the first report of G. asiatica in the Mediterranean Sea and Europe. Based on morphological data and molecular analyses (rbcL sequences) G. subpectinata is placed in synonymy with G. luxurians.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Flowers in axillary, sessile, 2-flowered inflorescences, climbers with tendrils in the flowering branches.
Abstract: A new genus, Johnstonia (Rhamnaceae, Gouanieae), is proposed for Gouania axilliflora M.C. Johnston, a species from Peru affined to Alvimiantha Grey-Wilson and Reissekia Endlicher, from which it differ