Showing papers on "Honor published in 2021"
TL;DR: For 20 years, the theory of emerging adulthood has shaped how we think about the third decade of life as discussed by the authors, and in honor of that, we would like to revisit the distinct features of emerging adults outlined in the emerging adulthood theory.
Abstract: For 20 years, the theory of emerging adulthood has shaped how we think about the third decade of life. In honor of that I would like to revisit the distinct features of emerging adulthood outlined ...
41 citations
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to review the recent research on culture of honor and to discuss its societal implications by focusing on 3 pressing social problems: intimate partner aggression, school violence, and reluctance to seek mental health care.
Abstract: Since the seminal publication of Nisbett and Cohen in 1996 linking the higher rates of violence in the Southern United States compared with the Northern United States to a "culture of honor," researchers have paid increasing attention to conceptualizing honor and identifying its underlying psychological mechanisms and its behavioral outcomes. The concern for reputation and other values embedded in culture of honor act as potential sociocultural risk factors for several major social problems in the United States. The aim of this article is to review the recent research on culture of honor and to discuss its societal implications by focusing on 3 pressing social problems: intimate partner aggression, school violence, and reluctance to seek mental health care. Relative to Whites in northern states, White populations in the southern and western states (considered to have cultures of honor) have higher levels of intimate partner violence, more school shootings, and are less likely to seek mental health care. We also briefly review the incidence of these issues among American Latinx groups, another culture of honor. We suggest ways that the scientific findings on culture of honor can enhance prevention and intervention efforts in education, health, and mental health care settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
14 citations
TL;DR: Preliminary empirical indications of possible links between female honor killing frequency and social factors such as low economic status and rapid modernization are provided.
Abstract: Female honor killing is a particular form of femicide, where the killing of a woman is perpetrated by a member or members of her family who do not approve of her social behavior in general and her sexual behavior in particular. The study of female honor killing tends to focus on a cultural examination of honor cultures yet lacks exploration of possible social factors that may influence such gendered killing. Possible links between female honor killing incidence and various social factors, among them poverty, low social status, and rapid modernization, were recently postulated, however empirical validation of these hypotheses has yet to be thoroughly explored. This article offers empirical observations of an explorative nature of social factors that may play a role in the frequency of female honor killing. The research's methodological design distinguishes between the various Arab subgroups in Israel along their correlated ingrained social characteristics and offers a comparative empirical analysis obtained from nation-based data on female honor killings among the various Arab subgroups (excluding the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem) during a 6-year period (2010-2015). The research is based on a secondary analysis of data extrapolated from media surveillance. A total of 58 eligible cases were found and comprised the research sample. Frequency analysis of femicide events and victims was performed for each Arab subgroup. Despite the small number of cases and the research's explorative and tentative nature, it provides preliminary empirical indications of possible links between female honor killing frequency and social factors such as low economic status and rapid modernization. The article's novel empirical indications may be of great relevance to societies currently facing the challenge of assimilating a growing number of Arab and Muslim social groups.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that when groups share an ideology, and especially a religion, they are more likely to sustain material cooperation in the face of state repression, even when the incentives to defect are high.
Abstract: Abstract Cooperation among militant organizations contributes to capability but also presents security risks. This is particularly the case when organizations face substantial repression from the state. As a consequence, for cooperation to emerge and persist when it is most valuable, militant groups must have means of committing to cooperation even when the incentives to defect are high. We posit that shared ideology plays this role by providing community monitoring, authority structures, trust, and transnational networks. We test this theory using new, expansive, time-series data on relationships between militant organizations from 1950 to 2016, which we introduce here. We find that when groups share an ideology, and especially a religion, they are more likely to sustain material cooperation in the face of state repression. These findings contextualize and expand upon research demonstrating that connections between violent nonstate actors strongly shape their tactical and strategic behavior.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine how mental health social work practice can move outside the hegemony of the medical model using approaches that honor the centering of social justice by using the philosophic...
Abstract: This article examines how mental health social work practice can move outside the hegemony of the medical model using approaches that honor the centering of social justice. By using the philosophic...
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined whether there is a relationship between the presence of a culture of honor and rates of police shooting within the USA and found that honor does predict and uniquely explain police violence.
Abstract: Research indicates that police legitimacy is a function of how well police officers subscribe to community values, norms, and beliefs. Because such perceptions are likely to be culturally derived, the influence of culture on shaping community expectations for and responses to police brutality and violence should be examined. One specific cultural framework worthy of examination is honor ideology, as it values instrumental violence and aggression in defense of reputation, as well as the perceptions of the same, in a way that is relevant to the study of police violence. Study 1 utilizes publicly available data to examine if there is a relationship between the presence of a culture of honor and rates of police shooting within the USA. Results indicate that, as with other forms of aggression, honor does predict and uniquely explain police violence. Having established a relationship to exist between honor and police use of violence in Study 1, Study 2 experimentally examined this relationship as a function of individual perceptions of the legitimacy of police violence. Through a moderated-mediation approach, Study 2’s results indicate that honor endorsers perceive police officers as reflecting their personal values, believe it is their duty to reflect such values, and approve of police violence as a means of reputation management. The implications of these findings for the fields of both honor and police research are discussed.
10 citations
TL;DR: Different aspects of religion have differential effects: Individual aspects of religious practice such as private prayer seem to be not significantly related to support for honor violence, whereas social aspects such as mosque attendance and religious fundamentalism strongly predict an increasedSupport for honor killings.
Abstract: Religion is seen as one of the main causes of honor violence; yet, empirical studies investigating this purported relationship remain scarce. Therefore, we investigated how individual and social religious practices, religious fundamentalism, and demographic variables contribute to support for honor killings of women and men. We analyzed multinational face-to-face interview data of Muslims with a final sample size of N = 25,723. Using multilevel ordinal regression, we found that increased support for honor killings was strongly predicted by the frequency of mosque attendance, religious fundamentalism, a lower educational level, and living in a rural area. Conversely, gender and the frequency of private prayer did not significantly relate to support for honor killings. Thus, different aspects of religion have differential effects: Individual aspects of religious practice such as private prayer seem to be not significantly related to support for honor violence, whereas social aspects such as mosque attendance and religious fundamentalism strongly predict an increased support for honor killings.
10 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article studied how men who are deeply engaged in caregiving experience the shift away from conventional models and found that it is difficult for them to adapt to the change.
Abstract: Despite the consensus that fatherhood is undergoing significant change, there is little known about how men who are deeply engaged in caregiving experience the shift away from conventional models. ...
9 citations
TL;DR: Examining consumer commemoration in the midst of a global pandemic shows commemorations of ante-, peri-, and postmortem memories prominently feature disruptions that implicate a “good death,” ritual sensemaking, and public death recognition.
Abstract: This research honors the lives of COVID-19 victims and gives voice to the commemorations their families share. The COVID-19 pandemic is becoming one of the most destructive forces experienc...
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt to honor the tenets of the biblical counseling movement while providing schemata that encourage interaction with extra-biblical data, which is a common practice in the counseling movement.
Abstract: The current article is an attempt to honor the tenets of the biblical counseling movement while providing schemata that encourages interaction with extra-biblical data. A biblical systematic care o...
9 citations
TL;DR: This article showed that living in a culture of honor can elicit aggressive behaviors in response to insults, and they extended this research to the realm of mental hedonic hedonism. But their work was limited to the response to an insult.
Abstract: Prior research has indicated the extent to which living in a culture of honor can elicit aggressive behaviors in response to insult. Recent work has extended this research to the realm of mental he...
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical multicultural analysis of the depictions of age, sex, socio-economic status, ethnicities, and geographic regions of the awarded texts of the Orbis Pictus honor was performed.
Abstract: Given increased attention toward nonfiction and informational texts due to recent educational reforms in the nation, it is critical to examine how various cultural identities are depicted in nonfiction children’s picture books. Focusing on the Orbis Pictus honor and awarded texts (n = 60) from 1990 to 2019, this article reports the findings of a critical multicultural analysis of the depictions of age, sex, socio-economic status, ethnicities, and geographic regions of these awarded texts. Using a secondary analysis of opportunities for agency, we examine how focal subjects (Crisp in Lang Arts 92(4):241–255, 2015) exert their agency in their respective contexts. Our aim in doing so is to problematize the notion of agency in these texts, specifically understanding who exerts agency, how, and for what purposes. Findings suggest that the authors of these awarded texts rely on highlighting White, European males where agency is typically depicted as an act that occurs in adulthood. As a result, discussion focuses on how such texts, although well-meaning, perhaps perpetuate the traditional notion and passivity of young children in relation to their agency and calls to question the lack of multiple perspectives and voices in the awarded texts.
University of Glasgow1, University of Massachusetts Amherst2, University of Sheffield3, University of Manitoba4, University of Western Ontario5, Lancaster University6, Aarhus University7, University of Porto8, University of the West of England9, University of Kent10, Indiana University11, Lingnan University12, University of Leeds13, University of Houston14
TL;DR: In this article, a collective essay was written out of a desire to honor and remember Professor Mark Easterby-Smith, a founder of the Management Learning community, and invited community members to share their memories.
Abstract: This collective essay was born out of a desire to honor and remember Professor Mark Easterby-Smith, a founder of the Management Learning community. To do this, we invited community members to share...
TL;DR: The academic defense of honor for its positive political and moral effects has surged recently among moral philosophers and political theorists as discussed by the authors, Challenging the narrative that the feudal legacy of the United States is a legacy of exploitation and exploitation.
TL;DR: The existing psychological explanation of "honor killing" (HK) is inadequate, and as mentioned in this paper aims to provide a more adequate psychological explanation by depicting the adaptive nature of the victim's brain.
Abstract: The existing psychological explanation of “honor killing” (HK) is inadequate. This paper aims to provide a more adequate psychological explanation of it. It does this by depicting the adaptive natu...
TL;DR: Perceptions of antigay “honor” abuse in collectivist-orientated honor cultures, where homosexuality, in particular, is considered to be dishonorable are explored, show that individual and demographic differences influence perceptions toward homophobic ‘honor' abuse inCollectivist cultures.
Abstract: Cultural collectivism, a core feature of honor cultures, is associated with the acceptance of aggression if it is used in the name of so-called "honor." Currently overlooked in the research literature, this study explored perceptions of antigay "honor" abuse in collectivist-orientated honor cultures, where homosexuality, in particular, is considered to be dishonorable. To conduct exploratory and comparative analysis, this study recruited 922 students in four Asian countries (India, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan), as well as Asian British and White British students in England. All participants read a brief vignette depicting a man whose relatives verbally abuse him and threaten him with life-threatening violence, after suspecting that he is gay and has joined an online dating website to meet men. Participants then completed a short questionnaire that assessed the extent to which they thought the man's actions had damaged his family's honor and their approval of the antigay "honor" abuse depicted in the scenario. Broadly in line with predictions, data analyses revealed attitudes more supportive of antigay "honor" abuse in all five collectivist-orientated populations than the sample of individualistic-orientated counterparts in England. Notably, however, a series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that these results varied depending on country of residence, gender, religious denomination, educational status, and age. The findings show that individual and demographic differences influence perceptions toward homophobic "honor" abuse in collectivist cultures. These differences are useful indices of the psychosocial factors that underpin hostile attitudes toward gay males in cultures where homosexuality is denounced.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored how young women living in Sweden with ethnic and cultural roots in the Middle East and East Africa comply with or resist so-called honour norms and ho...
Abstract: Purpose: In this qualitative study we explored how young women living in Sweden with ethnic and cultural roots in the Middle East and East Africa comply with or resist so-called honour norms and ho...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors start with an overview of the conceptualization of this phenomenon and review it, concluding that "honor killing is a serious social problem in some countries that is yet to be adequately explained and addressed".
Abstract: Honor killing is a serious social problem in some countries that is yet to be adequately explained and addressed. We start with an overview of the conceptualization of this phenomenon and review it...
TL;DR: Analysis of life stories of a group of men serving sentences for gender violence in Jaén II Penitentiary Institution (Andalusia, Spain), shows some characteristics of these men are a reflection of the patriarchal system, with a traditional cultural component.
Abstract: In this work, we present the analysis of life stories of a group of men who are serving sentences for gender violence in Jaen II Penitentiary Institution (Andalusia, Spain), who are part of the treatment for gender aggressors. Results show some characteristics of these men, related to gender violence, are a reflection of the patriarchal system, with a traditional cultural component, such as the concept of culture of honor; the existence of gender stereotypes; jealousy or infidelity as the main justification for the crime committed; all variables directly related to gender violence. These findings represent a contribution to the fight against this serious social problema, taking into consideration the perspective of the abusive man, being a main actor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that men in U.S. cultures of honor die by suicide at a higher rate than other demographic groups and attributed this to factors such as the prevalence and use of firearms in men's suicide in honor states, as well as motivational risk factors (e.g., thwarted belongingness).
Abstract: OBJECTIVE White men in U.S. cultures of honor die by suicide at greater rates than other demographic groups. This finding has been attributed to factors such as the prevalence and use of firearms in men's suicide in honor states, as well as motivational risk factors (e.g., thwarted belongingness). Other features of honor cultures (e.g., physical aggression, risk-taking behaviors) suggest that honor-endorsing men may frequently experience painful and provocative events (PPEs), which, in turn, may facilitate practical capability for suicide. The present work tested this hypothesis and honor ideology's relationship to firearm ownership and storage practices. METHOD In two samples of mostly White U.S. men-one undergraduate sample (N = 472, Mage = 19.76) and one middle- to older adult sample (N = 419, Mage = 65.17)-we assessed honor ideology endorsement, PPEs, practical capability for suicide, and firearm-related outcomes. RESULTS Honor endorsement was greater among firearm owners (particularly self-protective owners), but it was unrelated to storage practices. Honor endorsement was positively associated with PPEs and practical capability. Additionally, the relationship between honor ideology and practical capability was indirectly explained by PPE exposure. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight multiple avenues-PPEs, practical capability for suicide, (self-protective) firearm ownership-by which masculine honor norms may place men at risk for suicide.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the design and findings of a food honor system that was implemented in an academic building over 12 weeks, based on the tenets of self-concept maintenance theory.
Abstract: The reported study presents the design and findings of a food honor system that was implemented in an academic building over 12 weeks. Relying on the tenets of self-concept maintenance theory, a fo...
01 May 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the behavioral psychology of the protagonist, Iskender as a killer from the text Honour by Elif Shafak, a renowned Turkish novelist, was investigated.
Abstract: The present study focuses on investigating the behavioral psychology of the protagonist, Iskender as a killer from the text Honour by Elif Shafak, a renowned Turkish novelist. Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory (1977) presents the importance of Observational Learning, Imitation, and Modeling in an individual's social learning and personality development. He propounds that behavior, cognition, and other environmental influences: all operate as interacting determinants to influence the development of an individual. Hence, by taking the cognitive framework of Bandura, and by tracking the factors behind the felony committed by Iskender in the name of honor, the researchers have analyzed Iskender’s behavioral psychology and guilt-oriented self. The study showed that Iskender was not criminal by nature but had been forced to act on honor ideology. Honor serves as a social code in Turkish Islamic culture and the analysis shed light on the moral principles or ethos in Turkish society implying that moral degradation and honor-killing practices are an everyday phenomenon in Turkish Islamic culture. The arguments in the study provided a lens to the readers to understand the psyche of the accused; Iskender was a victim of culturally transmitted ideology. Society, culture, and immediate relations served as the powerful influences on him in instigating him to commit this felony. Besides, the analysis exposed the subaltern position of women in Turkish culture. The study is a positive addition to Turkish literature and literature on honor killing.
14 Aug 2021
TL;DR: The authors argued that mass common sense sets the limits of legitimacy within societal discourse, thus shaping all political and policy discourses, including foreign policy, including India's decision to militarily intervene in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947.
Abstract:
How do the masses shape foreign policy? This question has been examined through various conceptual lenses—national identity, public opinion, and popular culture. At the core of all these approaches is an argument that “taken for granted” ideas matter because they constitute a society's mass common sense, in turn influencing assorted political possibilities. What remains to be theorized is how and why such influence occurs. This paper argues that mass common sense sets the limits of legitimacy within societal discourse, thus shaping all political and policy discourses, including foreign policy. The paper evaluates this argument in the case of India's decision to militarily intervene in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947. This is done in two steps. The first is to reconstruct India's common sense circa 1947, and this is done from popular Hindi–Urdu language sources such as children's literature and films. The second is to trace possible ways through which commonsensical notions of gender, beauty, and honor influenced the Nehru government toward intervention. The study's conclusions have relevance for interpretivist theories of foreign policy as well as for Indian foreign policy, specifically the persistence of India's tendency to prioritize certain “regions” over others—and the Kashmir Valley and Jammu above all—over most if not all other foreign policy issue areas.
01 Jun 2021
TL;DR: This paper investigated honor as a cultural mindset, using priming methodology in both Dutch participants and Dutch-Turkish and DutchMoroccan participants, while controlling for trait endorsement of honor values, and found that priming honor resulted in an increased willingness to pay for punishment in the Justice Game, but not higher rejection in the Ultimatum Game.
Abstract: Past research has linked honor to a higher tendency for retaliation. A common method is to compare groups that are either low or high in honor. While effective, this does not account for within-group variation, nor isolate honor as a distinct construct from alternative differences between groups that might affect the outcome. In the current study we investigated honor as a cultural mindset, using priming methodology in both Dutch participants (who are typically low in honor endorsement) and Dutch-Turkish and Dutch-Moroccan participants (who are typically high in honor endorsement), while controlling for trait endorsement of honor values. To quantify retaliation, we used two social dilemmas: presenting an unequal offer in the Ultimatum Game, and chips being taken in the Justice Game. The results showed that priming honor resulted in an increased willingness to pay for punishment in the Justice Game, but not higher rejection in the Ultimatum Game. This suggests that unfairness by itself is not sufficient to trigger retaliation; rather, a pronounced transgression is required—in this case something being taken what is considered rightfully yours. Furthermore, decision-making in both social dilemmas was not associated with cultural background or honor endorsement. This indicates that an honor mindset needs to be salient to affect decision-making, and can affect behavior over and above the endorsement of honor values.
TL;DR: In the early 20th century, many states turned to convict road labor in response to the clamor for good roads and the contemporaneous crisis of imprisonment as discussed by the authors and developed the honor form of convict labor based in Progressive principles.
Abstract: In the early twentieth century, many states turned to convict road labor in response to the clamor for good roads and the contemporaneous crisis of imprisonment. States, guided by the federal government that served as an information broker, developed two main types of convict labor program—the honor and guard systems. These systems differed by regional and local context. Colorado developed the honor form of convict labor based in Progressive principles. The Colorado system offers a case study in local conditions that took on national importance as Warden Thomas Tynan became enmeshed in a national network of Progressive penal reformers helping define state-run convict labor systems. This essay follows the reform ideology and financial incentives that drove Colorado's honor program, showing how capitalist labor motivations were balanced with ideals of reform. The honor system spread across the United States, and the story of this system complicates regional paradigms while highlighting national patterns. The story of honor guard convict labor and infrastructure development connects Progressive Era reform, penal reform, labor history, and regional and demographic patterns.
TL;DR: The criminal trials of twenty-seven women processed for the crimes of abortion and infanticide in the state of Puebla, Mexico during the nineteenth century reveal both community and state perspectives about contemporary notions of gender, motherhood, and honor as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The criminal trials of twenty-seven women processed for the crimes of abortion and infanticide in the state of Puebla, Mexico during the nineteenth century reveal both community and state perspectives about contemporary notions of gender, motherhood, and honor. This paper argues that while there was an increase in both denunciations and convictions for these crimes in the nineteenth century, women's peers acted as reluctant participants in their incrimination. Both local and higher court justices convicted women more frequently for abortion and infanticide than they had done in the colonial era, but nonetheless sentenced them with considerable leniency. Some of the explanation for their leniency lay in court officials' view that indigenous women, who constituted a considerable percentage of the defendants, were too “rustic” or “ignorant” to be held responsible for their actions. The cases also reveal, however, that courts and communities shared the view that any means–including committing violent crimes or hiding pregnancies–justified the ends of protecting plebeian women's reputation of sexual honor.
TL;DR: The contributions to this symposium were written to honor and examine the work of Ruth Grant as mentioned in this paper, a political theorist who recently retired from the Department of Political Science at Duke University.
Abstract: The contributions to this symposium were written to honor and examine the work of Ruth Grant. Grant is a political theorist who recently retired from the Department of Political Science at Duke Uni...