Showing papers on "Kinetin published in 2017"
TL;DR: The supplementation of cytokinins is an easy and scalable strategy for biomass and lipid enhancement in Acutodesmus obliquus under nitrogen stress and exhibited higher rETR (relative electron transport rate) values as compared to ON control.
66 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that KN combined with ionic Cu could have negative implications in kidney bean plants, since this combination impacted chlorophyll production and nutrient element accumulation.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model system for investigating the mechanisms associated with the acquisition of embryogenic competence by single epidermal cells of stipe explants cultured on plant growth regulator-free medium was presented.
Abstract: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Cyathea delgadii presents a model system for investigating the mechanisms associated with the acquisition of embryogenic competence by single epidermal cells of stipe explants cultured on plant growth regulator-free medium. The present work reveals relationship between endogenous hormone and sugar content in the process of early SE in C. delgadii. By comparing two types of initial explants, i.e. incapable (non-etiolated) and capable (etiolated) of SE, it was established that in etiolated explants, the glucose, fructose, sucrose, and abscisic acid (ABA) contents diminished, but indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs; i.e. cis/trans zeatin, cis/trans-zeatin riboside, kinetin, kinetin riboside, isopentenyladenosine) contents increased. The ratios between phytohormones revealed that a high concentration of ABA is the main factor inhibiting SE induction. Because of explant excision, a dramatic reduction in concentration of all phytohormones studied was observed, but hormonal balance and sugar content remained almost unchanged. During the 14-day-long culture, the ABA/CKs and ABA/IAA ratios remained constant, whereas the greatest differences were detected for the IAA/CKs and Z-type/iPA cytokinin ratios. Excluding day 6 of culture, cytokinins were found to be the predominant phytohormones over IAA. An almost 12-fold increase in soluble sucrose concentration at day 6 of culture might be the switch to the SE expression phase. Frequent cell divisions leading to somatic embryo formation are clearly associated with increase in trans-zeatin riboside content.
45 citations
TL;DR: Ajowan ( Carum copticum L.) is an important and endangered industrial medicinal plant that growing in some parts of Iran as discussed by the authors, and two efficient protocols, without somaclonal variation induction, were developed for indirect somatic embryogenesis and indirect shoot regeneration of three Iranian ecotypes of ajowan.
41 citations
TL;DR: In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted under ex vitro conditions treated with 400 mg l−1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) for 7 min on sterile soilrite and transferred to the field conditions with ≈85% of survival rate.
Abstract: A micropropagation system for Bauhinia racemosa Lam. was developed involving axillary shoot proliferation and ex vitro rooting using nodal explants obtained from mature tree. MS medium with 3.0 mg l−1 BA (6-benzyladenine) was optimum for shoot bud induction. For shoot multiplication, mother explants were transferred repeatedly on medium containing low concentration of BA (0.75 mg l−1). Number of shoots was increased up to two passages and decreased thereafter. Shoot multiplication was further enhanced on MS medium containing 0.25 mg l−1 each of BA and Kin (Kinetin) with 0.1 mg l−1 of NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Addition of 0.004 mg l−1 TDZ (thidiazuron) increased the rate of shoot multiplication and 21.81 ± 1.26 shoots per culture vessel were obtained. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted under ex vitro conditions treated with 400 mg l−1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) for 7 min on sterile soilrite. After successful hardening in greenhouse, ex vitro rooted plants were transferred to the field conditions with ≈85% of survival rate. Micromorphological changes were observed on leaf surface i.e. development of vein density and trichomes and stomatal appearance, when plants were subjected to environmental conditions. This is the first report on in vitro regeneration of B. racemosa from mature tree.
39 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that oral kinetin is unlikely to protect against &agr;‐synuclein toxicity, and thus fail to provide evidence thatKinetin will protect in sporadic models of PD, and may protect in cases of PINK1 deficiency.
37 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that tms1 expression and local increase in IAA level in transformants affect both the balance of endogenous cytokinins and the dynamics of tuberization in response to exogenous hormones (auxin, cytokinin), the latter reaction depending also on the carbohydrate supply.
Abstract: Ectopic auxin overproduction in transgenic potato leads to enhanced productivity accompanied with concerted and occasional changes in hormonal status, and causing altered response of transformants to exogenous auxin or cytokinin.
Previously, we generated potato transformants expressing Agrobacterium-derived auxin synthesis gene tms1 driven by tuber-specific patatin gene promoter (B33-promoter). Here, we studied the endogenous hormonal status and the response to exogenous phytohormones in tms1 transformants cultured in vitro. Adding indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or kinetin to culture medium affected differently tuberization of tms1-transformed and control plants, depending also on sucrose content in the medium. Exogenous phytohormones ceased to stimulate the tuber initiation in transformants at high (5–8%) sucrose concentration, while in control plants the stimulation was observed in all experimental settings. Furthermore, exogenous auxin partly inhibited the tuber initiation, and exogenous cytokinin reduced the average tuber weight in most transformants at high sucrose content. The elevated auxin level in tubers of the transformants was accompanied with a decrease in content of cytokinin bases and their ribosides in tubers and most shoots. No concerted changes in contents of abscisic, jasmonic, salicylic acids and gibberellins in tubers were detected. The data on hormonal status indicated that the enhanced productivity of tms1 transformants was due to auxin and not mediated by other phytohormones. In addition, exogenous cytokinin was shown to upregulate the expression of genes encoding orthologs of auxin receptors. Overall, the results showed that tms1 expression and local increase in IAA level in transformants affect both the balance of endogenous cytokinins and the dynamics of tuberization in response to exogenous hormones (auxin, cytokinin), the latter reaction depending also on the carbohydrate supply. We introduce a basic model for the hormonal network controlling tuberization.
37 citations
TL;DR: Kinetin improved performance in MWM test, attenuated histopathological changes, reduced Al level in cortex and hippocampus, increased ACh content and decreased AChE activity, suggesting that kinetin may be a candidate drug for treatment of AD.
36 citations
TL;DR: Nine doubled haploids generated from an elite rice hybrid produce higher grain yield than the hybrid parent which suggests the possibility of exploiting hybrid vigor in indica rice through the development of DH lines of high yielding hybrids.
Abstract: A total of 200 doubled haploids (DHs) were generated from an elite rice hybrid, ‘BS6444G’ for which an androgenic method was developed by manipulating the physical and chemical factors. The spike pretreated at 10 °C for 7–8 days was effective for callusing and green plant regeneration. The maximum callus frequency was achieved when the anthers cultured in N6 medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L−1 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 3% maltose. Calli induced in N6 media also showed significant green shoot regeneration in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 1-napthalene acetic acid, 0.5 mg L−1 kinetin, 1.5 mg L−1 benzylaminopurine and 3% sucrose producing 210 green plants. Assessment of the ploidy status showed 95.71% fertile diploids and 4.2% polyploids; no haploids were observed. A total of 38 sequence-tagged microsatellite (STMS) markers proved able to discriminate a heterozygote from all the 200 DHs. The DHs grown in the field showed significant variation for their agronomic traits. Comparison of traits with control indicates homogeneity within each DH line and significant variance of traits between DH lines. Nine DH lines produce higher grain yield than the hybrid parent which suggests the possibility of exploiting hybrid vigor in indica rice through the development of DH lines of high yielding hybrids.
35 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that basal plate was the best explant for callus induction when cultured on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l−1 2-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and this optimized protocol will be useful for any future breeding improvement programs of Persian shallot using biotechnological means.
34 citations
TL;DR: Two efficient somatic embryogenesis systems were developed in Chinese fir, the most important conifer for industrial wood production in China, and three development stages of immature embryos derived from 25 genotypes of open-pollinated mother trees were used as initial explants.
Abstract: Two efficient somatic embryogenesis systems were developed in Chinese fir, the most important conifer for industrial wood production in China. Three development stages (cleavage polyembryony, dominant embryo, and precotyledon) of immature embryos derived from 25 genotypes of open-pollinated mother trees were used as initial explants. Cleavage polyembryony-stage embryos with a 12.44% induction rate was the most embryogenic response stage. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus (13.86%) induction was obtained from DCR medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.3 mg L−1 kinetin (KN). An average of 53.33 early somatic embryos were produced from approximately 0.2 g (fresh weight) embryogenic callus after 2 weeks of incubation on medium supplemented with 50 μmol L−1 abscisic acid (ABA) and 100 g L−1 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. About 53% dominant embryos have an embryogenic response after a 6-week cultivation on medium supplemented with 1.0–2.0 mg L−1 benzyladenine (BA), 0.2 mg L−1 naphthylacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-D, and 0.004 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ). After three successive transfer cultures on medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 BA, 0.2 mg L−1 NAA, and 0.004 mg L−1 TDZ, 4.49–16.51% of the embryos developed into somatic embryos.
TL;DR: An efficient regeneration protocol for this multipurpose tree has been developed using leaf segments as explants and has high applicability at a large scale and could be used in the production of high quality plantlets to meet large scale cultivation needs.
TL;DR: An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Ruta graveolens Linn using shoot tip meristems derived from a 4-month-old field grown plant and genetic stability among in vitro raised progeny was evaluated by ISSR and RAPD markers.
TL;DR: Manganolic extracts from the biomass of Verbena officinalis cultured under continuous artificial light and in darkness on 12 variants of the Murashige and Skoog medium are proposed as a potential biotechnological source for selected biologically active compounds.
TL;DR: All banding profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to of the mother plant, thus confirming the true-to-type nature of the in vitro-raised clones.
Abstract: Present study reports successful in vitro clonal propagation of a potential medicinal plant, Cassia alata using mature nodal explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 μM) of 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-iP) singly as well as in combination with different auxins, α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μM) were used. MS medium enriched with 7.5 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA yielded the highest regeneration frequency (92 %) with maximum multiple shoots (12.3 ± 0.6) and shoot length (4.7 ± 0.1 cm) after 12 weeks of culture. Shoots were rooted best on full MS containing 0.5 μM IBA. Ex vitro rooting of in vitro derived microshoots was also achieved in 150 μM IBA treatment for 20 min followed by transfer to thermocol cups containing sterile Soilrite™. About 85 % plantlets survived acclimatization procedure to the field. The genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Of the 20 RAPD primers, 18 primers produced clear, reproducible and scorable bands while out of 13 ISSR primers screened, only ten generated well-defined and scorable bands in all the tested plants. A total of 69 and 71 bands were scored with an average of 3.8 and 7.1 bands per primer for RAPD and ISSR primers respectively. All banding profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to of the mother plant, thus confirming the true-to-type nature of the in vitro-raised clones.
TL;DR: The reproducible protocol of Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MR219 through somatic embryogenesis is described, which shows the highest efficiency was observed at week eight in the MS media supplemented with 2 mg L−1 of 2,4-D.
Abstract: Enhancing of the efficient tissue culture protocol for somatic embryos would facilitate the engineered breeding plants program. In this report, we describe the reproducible protocol of Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar MR219 through somatic embryogenesis. Effect of a wide spectrum of exogenesis materials was assessed in three phases, namely callogenesis, proliferation and regeneration. Initially, rice seeds were subjected under various auxin treatments. Secondly, the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D on callus induction was evaluated. In the next step, the efficiency of different explants was identified. Subsequently, the effects of different auxins, cytokinins, l-proline, casein hydrolysate and potassium metasilicate concentrations on the callus proliferation and regeneration were considered. For the callogenesis phase, 2 mg L−1of 2,4-D and roots were chosen as the best auxin and explant. In the callus proliferation stage, the highest efficiency was observed at week eight in the MS media supplemented with 2 mg L−1 of 2,4-D, 2 mg L−1 of kinetin, 50 mg L−1 of l-proline, 100 mg L−1 of casein hydrolysate and 30 mg L−1 of potassium metasilicate. In the last phase of the research, the MS media added with 3 mg L−1 of kinetin, 30 mg L−1of potassium metasilicate and 2 mg L−1 of NAA were selected. Meanwhile, to promote the roots of regenerated explants, 0.4 mg L−1 of IBA has shown potential as an appropriate activator.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: An Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer method for Setaria viridis A10.1 was developed and the gelling agents Gelzan and Phytagel were found to be critical for recovery of a high quality callus as compared to agar that resulted in a gelatinous, brown, non-regenerable callus.
Abstract: Gene transfer methodology, often referred to as transformation, is an important component of a model system research platform. Availability of transformation methods markedly expand the application of a model. We chose to develop an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer method for Setaria viridis A10.1. Regenerable callus was recovered from mature seeds without seed coats that were disinfected and cultured on a Murashige and Skoog-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L maltose, 2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/L kinetin, and 4 g/L Gelzan. The gelling agents Gelzan and Phytagel were found to be critical for recovery of a high quality callus as compared to agar that resulted in a gelatinous, brown, non-regenerable callus. For transformation, the callus was infected with the A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 that contained binary vectors with the hygromycin phosphotransferase selectable marker gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. The transformation efficiency, which is defined as the percent of infected callus that gives rise to at least one independent transgenic line ranged from 0.3 to 15 % depending upon the vector backbone used to design constructs and the gene of interest that was either overexpressed or had a knockdown of expression. Transgenic lines were first verified by PCR, then positive plants were moved forward for copy number determination by either Southern or TaqMan® analysis. On average, 42 % of the transgenic lines contained one copy of the introduced transgene. Availability of a transformation methodology has contributed to the adoption of S. viridis as a model species by researchers worldwide.
TL;DR: An efficient and reproducible in vitro regeneration system for two cultivars viz., Jamila and Tomaland of Solanum lycopersicum L., an economically important vegetable crop, can be used as a fast and reproducecible method for genetic transformation of this important vegetables crop.
TL;DR: Results indicated that different developmental stages of somatic embryos were simultaneously observed on a callus with embryogenic potential and the high content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, and terpenic hydrocarbons and low content of alcoholic and phenolic compositions had a stimulatory effect on somatic embryogenesis.
Abstract: This is the first report evaluating the relationship between the chemical compositions of cumin seeds (based on the analysis of the content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, protein, terpenic compounds, alcohol/phenols, aldehydes, and epoxides) and the induction efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in two Iranian superior cumin landraces (Golestan and North Khorasan). Cotyledons isolated from Golestan landrace seeds cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L kinetin proved to be the best primary explant for the induction of somatic embryogenesis as well as the regeneration of the whole plantlet. Results indicated that different developmental stages of somatic embryos were simultaneously observed on a callus with embryogenic potential. The high content of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, and terpenic hydrocarbons and low content of alcoholic and phenolic compositions had a stimulatory effect on somatic embryogenesis. Band patterns of RAPD markers in regenerated plants were different from those of the mother plants. This may be related to somaclonal variations or pollination system of cumin. Generally, measurement of chemical compositions can be used as a marker for evaluating the occurrence of somatic embryogenesis in cumin. Also, somaclonal variations of regenerated plants can be applied by the plant breeders in breeding programs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors established callus and cell suspension cultures of E polystachya (Ortega) and evaluated the content of phenols, total flavonoids, and fungicidal activity against Sclerotium cepivorum and Rhizoctonia solani from extracts of wild plant and cell cultures.
TL;DR: The outcome of the present study provides new insights into the optimal suspension culture conditions for studies on the in vitro cell biomass production of P. vietnamensis.
TL;DR: The present study is the first to report somatic embryogenesis (SE) based on a plant regeneration protocol for blackberry using transverse thin cell layer technique (tTCL) and it promoted embryo development and shoot regeneration on calluses originating from dermal parts of ‘High prickle’ and ‘Low prickles’ explants respectively.
Abstract: The present study is the first to report somatic embryogenesis (SE) based on a plant regeneration protocol for blackberry. It uses transverse thin cell layer technique (tTCL). Two blackberry genotypes, ‘High prickle’ (Rubus sanctus) and ‘Low prickle’ (Rubus hirtus) were used as explants. The explants were soaked in ascorbic and citric acids (60 mg l−1 each) solution prior to culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.32 μM kinetin (KIN), 2.69 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 8.88 6-benzyladenine (BA). This not only reduced the phenolic compounds (in ‘High prickle’), but also produced friable and yellow-pale green calluses. The highest level of embryogenic callus initiation in both genotypes occurred in half strength MS medium containing 60 g l−1 sucrose, 9.76 μM KIN and 7.99 μM BA. The MS medium fortified with 7.57 μM abscisic acid (ABA) and malt extract (700 mg l−1) or glutamine (400 mg l−1) encouraged the formation and development of embryos on calluses originating from dermal parts of ‘High prickle’ explants. Yasuda (YA) medium enrichd with 8.88 μM BA, 10.84 μM NAA and glycerol (2%) promoted embryo development and shoot regeneration on calluses originating from dermal parts of ‘High prickle’ and ‘Low prickle’ explants respectively. Germination of embryos and growth of normal plantlets occurred on half strength MS medium containing 4.88 μM BA, 2.02 μM gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.05 μM NAA. Histological evaluations confirmed the successful occurrence of the different stages of embryogenesis.
TL;DR: Analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential suggests that Knautia sarajevensis plant could have beneficial biological activities.
Abstract: Endemic plants are under constant threat of extinction and micropropagation protocols that can provide not only mechanisms for their revitalisation, but also a possibility for potential sources of new biologically active substances. This study describes the very first use of the liquid culture system for in vitro Knautia sarajevensis shoot multiplication, production of biomass, and an increase in biological activities of the extracts. Murashige and Skoog media containing various concentrations of cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, zeatin, and kinetin) were used to establish agitated shoot cultures of this endemic plant species and to evaluate their effect on shoot morphology. HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds show that the main metabolite in all extracts was salicylic acid with accumulation of rosmarinic and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid for some treatments. The richest sources of phenolics were shoots cultivated in media containing zeatin, which also had high influence on biomass production. Analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential suggests that this plant could have beneficial biological activities. Methanol extracts of shoots cultivated in media containing 2.0 mg/L 6-benzyladenine were moderately active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spizizeni. DPPH assay showed radical scavenging activity of shoot cultures with IC50 10–90 µg/mL.
TL;DR: The present protocol can be applied reliably for the purposes of large-scale commercial propagation and short-term conservation of this orchid.
TL;DR: Results showed that G. salicornia extracts can be used as PGRs for in vitro propagation of B. monnieri and it is a simple, rapid mass propagation method.
Abstract: The scope of the present study is to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators and seaweed liquid extracts (SLEs) on in vitro regeneration of the Ayurvedically important memory plus plant Bacopa monnieri using shoot tips. Sodium alginate-encapsulated shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, zeatin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), individually for shoot initiation. The effect of Gracilaria salicornia and Kappaphycus alvarezii SLEs (20–80 %) for shoot induction and regeneration using shoot tips was also studied. MS medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 BAP and 0.5 mg L−1 NAA showed highest multiple shoot induction frequency 95.8 %, mean number 147.8, and mean length 12.5 cm of shoots where G. salicornia extract at 60 % showed 85.9 % multiple shoot induction with 145.6 shoots and mean length 12.3 cm after 5 weeks of incubation. An effective rooting frequency 84.1 % was observed on half-strength MS medium containing 0.1 mg L−1 IAA and where 25 % of G. salicornia extract showed 82.2 % of rooting after 1 week of incubation. In vitro-rooted plants were acclimatized in soil cups and maintained in greenhouse with natural conditions. In vitro-propagated and mother plants were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA markers reveled that no genetic variation between control plants and in vitro-regenerated plants using SLEs. These results showed that G. salicornia extracts can be used as PGRs for in vitro propagation of B. monnieri and it is a simple, rapid mass propagation method.
25 Apr 2017
TL;DR: Somatic embryogenesis induction seemed correlated with the type of the explant, the induction period and the auxin used, and significant effects of explant type and plant growth regulators (PGRs) combination on somatic embryogenesis were revealed.
Abstract: An efficient regeneration system through somatic embryogenesis was developed for date palm cv. Najda. Adventitious bud and proximal leaf segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of auxins and cytokinins induced embryogenesis after at least 6 months of culture. Somatic embryogenesis induction seemed correlated with the type of the explant, the induction period and the auxin used. The highest rate of somatic embryogenesis (86.0%) was obtained on bud explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 45.0 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 4.5 µM kinetin or 4.5 µM 6-(dimethylallylamino) purine (2iP). Whereas, low levels of embryogenesis were obtained on media supplemented with 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA). Proximal leaf segments showed somatic embryogenesis only when cultured on media supplemented with 2,4-D or picloram. Statistical analysis revealed significant effects of explant type and plant growth regulators (PGRs) combination on somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were germinated successfully on PGR-free MS medium with or without activated charcoal (50.0–60.0 and 26.6–36.6%, respectively), and 80.0% of plantlets survived after transferring to a glasshouse for 6 months. Our results will be useful for large-scale propagation of date palm cv. Najda, characterized by high fruit quality and bayoud disease resistance.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 6-furfurylaminantopurines (Kinetin), gibberellic acid (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the yields of biomass and an essential free fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid from Chlorella pyrenoidosa) were studied.
Abstract: The effect of various plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin), gibberellic acid (GA3), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) on the yields of biomass and an essential free fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid from Chlorella pyrenoidosa) were studied. NAA and BAP showed significant increase of 2.2- (0.2905 to 0.6497 g/L) and 1.26-fold (0.2905 to 0.3727 g/L) in biomass yield, respectively. The only plant growth regulators belonging to the group cytokinins (BAP and kinetin) showed prominent rise in the yields of alpha-linolenic acid. BAP and kinetin resulted in 2.94- (371.83 to 1105.93 µg/mL) and 3.03-fold (371.83 to 1128.25 µg/mL) increase in ala yields, respectively, compared with that of control.
TL;DR: The present in vitro propagation protocol would be an alternative method not only for rapid propagation of this traditional medicinal plant, but also alternative means for ensuring the year-round availability of its saponins.
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: Protective effects of cytokinins in animals at molecular, cellular, tissue and organismal levels are reviewed and potential application for the treatment of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerations, inflammatory diseases and disorders caused by aberrant cell proliferation are discussed.
Abstract: Cytokinins are phytohormones that regulate plant growth, development and senescence. Experiments both in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that they can also have diverse effects on animal cells and tissues. Particularly interesting is their ability to protect cells against various forms of stress and prevent some detrimental effects of cell aging. For example, human skin fibroblasts cultured in the presence of kinetin or trans-zeatin retain some characteristics of cells of lower passage. Kinetin is even able to increase the lifespan of invertebrates. In this chapter, we review protective effects of cytokinins in animals at molecular, cellular, tissue and organismal levels. We also discuss potential application of cytokinins for the treatment of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerations, inflammatory diseases and disorders caused by aberrant cell proliferation.
TL;DR: Spring season was the best period for contamination free establishment of explants and maximum sprouting of healthy axillary buds and genetic homogeneity of tissue culture raised plants was confirmed by generation of monomorphic DNA fragments with Start codon targeted and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.
Abstract: A simple method has been developed for clonal propagation of mature trees of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem, a medicinally important deciduous timber tree of hot arid regions, via multiple shoot proliferation from axillary buds after examining the role of season influences and physico–chemical conditions on micropropagation. Spring season (March–April) was the best period for contamination free establishment of explants and maximum sprouting of healthy axillary buds. Shoots proliferated directly from the explant nodes cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing cytokinins, BAP supporting better growth compared to kinetin during shoot induction as well as multiplication phase. Cytokinin concentration influenced the bud induction frequency and optimal response of 2.6 buds per explant was achieved in 86.66% explants on media supplemented with 10 µM BAP. Stunted shoot buds with excessive callus were observed when cytokinin concentration was increased beyond optimal levels. Ascorbic acid (50 mg/l), arginine and citric acid (25 mg/l each) were added to proliferation and multiplication media for reducing callus proliferation and better shoot growth. Among the media (B5, MS, NN, WPM and SH) tested, SH was best for shoot multiplication. Shoot cultures were multiplied by regular subculture of axillary shoots on SH medium containing 5.0 µM each of BAP and kinetin. Shoots produced roots when cultured on ½× SH medium + 10 μM IBA. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transferred to field after hardening and acclimatization. Genetic homogeneity of tissue culture raised plants was confirmed by generation of monomorphic DNA fragments with Start codon targeted and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers.