Showing papers on "Rectifier published in 2012"

Model Predictive Control of an AFE Rectifier With Dynamic References

Abstract: In this paper, a finite control set model predictive controller for closed-loop control of an active front-end rectifier is presented. The proposed method operates in discrete time and does not require additional modulators. The key novelty of the control algorithm presented lies in the way dynamic references are handled. The control strategy is capable of providing suitable references for the source active power and the rectified voltage, without requiring additional control loops. Experimental results show that fast and accurate tracking of dynamic dc voltage and reactive power references can be achieved, while respecting the restrictions on maximum power levels of the rectifier.

Tunable wireless power architectures

Abstract: Described herein are improved configurations for a wireless power transfer. The parameters of components of the wireless energy transfer system are adjusted to control the power delivered to the load at the device. The power output of the source amplifier is controlled to maintain a substantially 50% duty cycle at the rectifier of the device.

New Efficient Bridgeless Cuk Rectifiers for PFC Applications

Abstract: Three new bridgeless single-phase ac-dc power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers based on Cuk topology are proposed. The absence of an input diode bridge and the presence of only two semiconductor switches in the current flowing path during each interval of the switching cycle result in less conduction losses and an improved thermal management compared to the conventional Cuk PFC rectifier. The proposed topologies are designed to work in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) to achieve almost a unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion of the input current. The DCM operation gives additional advantages such as zero-current turn-ON in the power switches, zero-current turn-OFF in the output diode, and simple control circuitry. Performance comparisons between the proposed and conventional Cuk PFC rectifiers are performed based on circuit simulations. Experimental results for a 150 W/48 Vdc at 100 Vrms line voltage to evaluate the performance of the proposed bridgeless PFC rectifiers are provided.

Low-Power Wireless Power Delivery

Abstract: This paper addresses design and implementation of integrated rectifier-antennas (rectennas) for wireless powering at low incident power densities, from 25 to 200 μW/cm2. Source-pull nonlinear measurement of the rectifying devices is compared to harmonic-balance simulations. Optimal diode RF and dc impedances for most efficient rectification, as a function of input power, are obtained. This allows optimized antenna design, which can eliminate or simplify matching networks and improve overall efficiency. As an example of the design methodology, Schottky diodes were characterized at 1.96 GHz and an antenna is matched to the optimal complex impedance for the most efficient rectifier. For incident power density range of interest, the optimal impedance is 137 + j149 Ω, with an RF to dc conversion efficiency of the rectifying circuit alone of 63% and total rectenna efficiency of 54%.

High-Efficiency Harmonically Terminated Diode and Transistor Rectifiers

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical analysis of harmonically terminated high-efficiency power rectifiers and experimental validation on a class-C single Schottky-diode rectifier and a class- F-1 GaN transistor rectifier. The theory is based on a Fourier analysis of current and voltage waveforms, which arise across the rectifying element when different harmonic terminations are presented at its terminals. An analogy to harmonically terminated power amplifier (PA) theory is discussed. From the analysis, one can obtain an optimal value for the dc load given the RF circuit design. An upper limit on rectifier efficiency is derived for each case as a function of the device on-resistance. Measured results from fundamental frequency source-pull measurement of a Schottky diode rectifier with short-circuit terminations at the second and third harmonics are presented. A maximal device rectification efficiency of 72.8% at 2.45 GHz matches the theoretical prediction. A 2.14-GHz GaN HEMT rectifier is designed based on a class-F-1 PA. The gate of the transistor is terminated in an optimal impedance for self-synchronous rectification. Measurements of conversion efficiency and output dc voltage for varying gate RF impedance, dc load, and gate bias are shown with varying input RF power at the drain. The rectifier demonstrates an efficiency of 85% for a 10-W input RF power at the transistor drain with a dc voltage of 30 V across a 98-Ω resistor.

Towards a 99% Efficient Three-Phase Buck-Type PFC Rectifier for 400-V DC Distribution Systems

Abstract: In telecom applications, the vision for a total power conversion efficiency from the mains to the output of point-of-load (PoL) converters of 95% demands optimization of every conversion step, i.e., the power factor correction (PFC) rectifier front-end should show an outstanding efficiency in the range of 99%. For recently discussed 400-V dc distribution bus voltages, a buck-type PFC rectifier is a logical solution. In this paper, an efficiency-optimized, 98.8% efficient, 5-kW three-phase buck-type PFC rectifier with 400-V output is presented. Methods for calculating losses of all components are described and are used to optimize the converter design for efficiency at full load. Special attention is paid to semiconductor losses, which are shown to be dominant, with the parasitic device capacitance losses being a significant component. The calculation of these parasitic capacitance losses is treated in detail, and the charge-balance approach used is verified. A prototype of the proposed rectifier is constructed which verifies the accuracy of the models used for loss calculation and optimization.

Closed-loop control of DC-DC dual active bridge converters driving single-phase inverters

Abstract: A solid-state transformer (SST) is a high-frequency power electronic converter that is used as a distribution power transformer. A common three-stage configuration of an SST consists of ac-dc rectifier, isolated dc-dc dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter, and dc-ac inverter. This study addresses the controller design issue for a dc-dc DAB converter when driving a regulated single-phase dc-ac inverter. Since the switching frequency of the inverter stage is much higher than that of the DAB stage, the single-phase inverter is modeled as a double-line-frequency (e.g., 120 Hz) current sink. The effect of 120-Hz current by the single-phase inverter is studied. The limitation of a PI-controller, low gain at 120 Hz, is investigated. Two methods are proposed to improve the regulation of the output voltage of DAB converters. The first one uses a bandstop filter and feedforward, while the second method uses an additional proportional-resonant controller in the feedback loop. Theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiment results are provided.

A Novel Six-Band Hysteresis Control for the Packed U Cells Seven-Level Converter: Experimental Validation

Abstract: In this paper, the authors propose a novel six-band hysteresis technique to efficiently control the seven-level packed U cells (PUC) converter. The proposed PUC combines advantages of the flying capacitor and the cascaded H-bridge topologies. The novel control strategy is proposed in order to insure a good operation of the PUC converter in both inverter and rectifier modes. In case of rectifier operation, the proposed six-band controller is designed to draw a sinusoidal line current (load current in case of inverter operation) with a unity power factor. Harmonics contents of line current (or load current) and rectifier input voltage (or inverter output voltage) are very low which permits the reduction of the active and passive filters ratings resulting on a very high energetic efficiency and a reduced installation cost. The proposed concept was validated through experimental implementation using real-time controller, the DS1103 of dSpace.

A Fully Autonomous Integrated Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Harvesters

Abstract: This paper presents a fully autonomous, adaptive pulsed synchronous charge extractor (PSCE) circuit optimized for piezoelectric harvesters (PEHs) which have a wide output voltage range 1.3-20 V. The PSCE chip fabricated in a 0.35 μm CMOS process is supplied exclusively by the buffer capacitor where the harvested energy is stored in. Due to the low power consumption, the chip can handle a minimum PEH output power of 5.7 μW. The system performs a startup from an uncharged buffer capacitor and operates in the adaptive mode at storage buffer voltages from 1.4 V to 5 V. By reducing the series resistance losses, the implementation of an improved switching technique increases the extracted power by up to 20% compared to the formerly presented Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction (SECE) technique and enables the chip efficiency to reach values of up to 85%. Compared to a low-voltage-drop passive full-wave rectifier, the PSCE chip increases the extracted power to 123% when the PEH is driven at resonance and to 206% at off-resonance.

A High-Efficiency Low-Voltage CMOS Rectifier for Harvesting Energy in Implantable Devices

Abstract: We present, in this paper, a new full-wave CMOS rectifier dedicated for wirelessly-powered low-voltage biomedical implants. It uses bootstrapped capacitors to reduce the effective threshold voltage of selected MOS switches. It achieves a significant increase in its overall power efficiency and low voltage-drop. Therefore, the rectifier is good for applications with low-voltage power supplies and large load current. The rectifier topology does not require complex circuit design. The highest voltages available in the circuit are used to drive the gates of selected transistors in order to reduce leakage current and to lower their channel on-resistance, while having high transconductance. The proposed rectifier was fabricated using the standard TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS process. When connected to a sinusoidal source of 3.3 V peak amplitude, it allows improving the overall power efficiency by 11% compared to the best recently published results given by a gate cross-coupled-based structure.

Three-Phase Hybrid Multilevel Inverter Based on Half-Bridge Modules

Abstract: A novel three-phase hybrid multilevel converter is proposed for medium-voltage applications. The converter employs a conventional three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) linking series connected half-bridge modules at each phase. With the proposed connection, a large portion of energy can be processed by the VSI by employing a single multi-pulse rectifier, while smaller power shares are processed within the half-bridge modules. Thus, the requirements for galvanically insulated dc sources are reduced. Modularity is naturally achieved. A modulation scheme for a four-level version is proposed and analyzed in detail. This scheme allows unidirectional power flow in all dc sources and, consequently, enables diode bridges to be employed in the rectification input stage for unidirectional applications.

Contactless power transfer system

Abstract: A half-bridge inverter is used for a high frequency alternating current power supply to be connected to a primary side of a contactless power transformer, and a voltage-doubler rectifier is used to convert a secondary-side alternating current output of the contactless power transformer into a direct current

A CMOS Rectifier With a Cross-Coupled Latched Comparator for Wireless Power Transfer in Biomedical Applications

Abstract: A highly efficient rectifier for wireless power transfer in biomedical implant applications is implemented using 0.18-m CMOS technology. The proposed rectifier with active nMOS and pMOS diodes employs a four-input common-gate-type capacitively cross-coupled latched comparator to control the reverse leakage current in order to maximize the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier. The designed rectifier achieves a maximum measured PCE of 81.9% at 13.56 MHz under conditions of a low 1.5-Vpp RF input signal with a 1- k output load resistance and occupies 0.009 mm2 of core die area.

A Capacitor-Isolated LED Driver With Inherent Current Balance Capability

Abstract: This paper presents a capacitor-isolated light-emitting diode (LED) driver with inherent current-balancing capability. Based on a series resonant converter, the resonant capacitor can be used both for safety isolation and the current balancing with the proposed two-output rectifier structure. Compared to the conventional current-sharing technique, the proposed LED driver circuit is simple and has low cost and high performance. Also, the capacitor-isolated structure is more efficient and compact compared to the conventional transformer isolation. The detailed theoretical analysis and design considerations of the proposed circuit are presented. The performance of the proposed circuit is validated by the experimental results from a 60-W prototype with two balanced outputs.

Extreme efficiency power electronics

Abstract: In this paper a generalized description and an overview of degrees of freedom and selected measures for efficiency improvement of power electronics converters is given. The background of all considerations is formed by single-phase PFC rectifier systems, but the concepts shown are fundamental and fully applicable for other converter systems. First, the influence of the main components of the losses of a converter on the efficiency characteristic over the output power is discussed. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of the possibilities, of minimizing the semiconductor losses, the losses of the passive components including the EMI filter, and the power requirements of auxiliary systems in the course of the design process are given. In this context also the technological boundaries that limit the maximum efficiency of a converter are clarified and the compromise that always has to be made between efficiency and power density is highlighted. Furthermore, a control procedure is discussed to maximize the efficiency in the partial load range and a resonant transition mode ZVS converter system is presented that allows to attain efficiencies significantly over 99% without the use of SiC semiconductors. In addition the accuracy of the input and output power measurements required for measuring highest efficiencies is clarified, whereby the advantage of a direct loss measurement by means of a calorimeter becomes immediately clear. Finally, results of measurements on a demonstrator of a CCM single-phase PFC rectifier system with 99.1% max. efficiency and η > 99% above half rated power, and on a resonant transition mode PFC rectifier system with ηmax = 99.3% and η > 99% above 15% rated power are presented.

A Bidirectional High-Power-Quality Grid Interface With a Novel Bidirectional Noninverted Buck–Boost Converter for PHEVs

Abstract: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) will play a vital role in future sustainable transportation systems due to their potential in terms of energy security, decreased environmental impact, improved fuel economy, and better performance. Moreover, new regulations have been established to improve the collective gas mileage, cut greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce dependence on foreign oil. This paper primarily focuses on two major thrust areas of PHEVs. First, it introduces a grid-friendly bidirectional alternating current/direct current ac/dc-dc/ac rectifier/inverter for facilitating vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration of PHEVs. Second, it presents an integrated bidirectional noninverted buck-boost converter that interfaces the energy storage device of the PHEV to the dc link in both grid-connected and driving modes. The proposed bidirectional converter has minimal grid-level disruptions in terms of power factor and total harmonic distortion, with less switching noise. The integrated bidirectional dc/dc converter assists the grid interface converter to track the charge/discharge power of the PHEV battery. In addition, while driving, the dc/dc converter provides a regulated dc link voltage to the motor drive and captures the braking energy during regenerative braking.

High Step-Up DC-DC Converters Using Zero-Voltage Switching Boost Integration Technique and Light-Load Frequency Modulation Control

Abstract: This paper describes nonisolated high step-up DC-DC converters using zero voltage switching (ZVS) boost integration technique (BIT) and their light-load frequency modulation (LLFM) control. The proposed ZVS BIT integrates a bidirectional boost converter with a series output module as a parallel-input and series-output (PISO) configuration. It provides many advantages such as high device utilization, high step-up capability, power and thermal stress distribution, switch voltage stress clamping, and soft switching capability. As an example of ZVS BIT, a flyback converter with a voltage-doubler rectifier (VDR) as a series output module is presented and analyzed in detail. In addition, to overcome the efficiency degradation at a light load due to the load-dependent soft switching capability of the proposed ZVS BIT, a control method using a frequency modulation (FM) proportional to the load current is proposed. By means of ZVS BIT and LLFM control, the overall conversion efficiency is significantly improved. The experimental results are presented to clarify the proposed schemes.

Swiss rectifier — A novel three-phase buck-type PFC topology for Electric Vehicle battery charging

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel three-phase buck-type unity power factor rectifier appropriate for high power Electric Vehicle battery charging mains interfaces. The characteristics of the converter, named the Swiss Rectifier, including the principle of operation, modulation strategy, suitable control structure, and dimensioning equations are described in detail. Additionally, the proposed rectifier is compared to a conventional 6-switch buck-type ac-dc power conversion. According to the results, the Swiss Rectifier is the topology of choice for a buck-type PFC. Finally, the feasibility of the Swiss Rectifier concept for buck-type rectifier applications is demonstrated by means of a hardware prototype.

Improving wireless power transmission efficiency using chaotic waveforms

Abstract: The use of chaotic signals as an optimal source for wireless power transmission as well as electromagnetic energy harvesting is proposed. The improved performance of rectifier circuits, in terms of higher RF to DC conversion efficiency, when using chaotic signals in comparison to one-tone signals is demonstrated. A 433MHz chaotic generator and a rectifier circuit are designed and implemented in order to demonstrate the improved efficiency of the system when using chaotic waveforms.

Efficient Energy Harvesting With Electromagnetic Energy Transducers Using Active Low-Voltage Rectification and Maximum Power Point Tracking

Abstract: This paper reports on efficient interfacing of typical vibration-driven electromagnetic transducers for micro energy harvesting For this reason, an adaptive charge pump for dynamic maximum power point tracking is compared with a novel active full-wave rectifier design For efficient ultra-low voltage rectification, the introduced active diode design uses a common-gate stage in conjunction with supply-independent biasing While this active rectifier offers low voltage drops, low complexity and ultra-low power consumption, the adaptive charge pump allows dynamic maximum power point tracking with implicit voltage up-conversion Hence, efficient energy harvesting with high-resistive transducers, eg, electromagnetic generators, becomes possible even at buffer voltage levels far above actual transducer output voltages Both interfaces are fully-integrated in a standard 035 μm twin-well CMOS process The designs are optimized for sub-mW transducer power levels and wide supply voltage ranges Thus, these presented transducer interfaces are particularly suitable for compact micro energy harvesting systems, such as wireless sensor nodes or medical implants The active diode rectifier achieves efficiencies over 90% at a wide range of input voltage amplitudes of 048 V up to 33 V The adaptive charge pump can harvest with a total efficiency of close to 50%, but very independent of the actual buffer voltage This charge pump starts operating at a supply voltage of 08 V, and has an input voltage range of 05 V-25 V Finally, results of harvesting from an actual electromagnetic generator prototype are presented

Bridgeless CUK power factor correction rectifier with reduced conduction losses

Abstract: In this study a new bridgeless CUK power factor correction (PFC) rectifier is introduced. The output voltage of this converter is lower than its input voltage, which is preferred in low-voltage power supply applications. The conventional CUK PFC converter has three components in its power flow path. The proposed converter has lower conduction losses since the input rectifier is combined with the CUK converter and thus, there are two components in the power flow path. In the conventional PFC converters (continuous conduction mode boost converter), a voltage loop and a current loop are required for the feedback. This converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode and thus the control circuit is simplified and no current loop is required. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are provided to explain the converter operation. A 150-W prototype of the proposed converter is realised and the presented experimental results confirm the validity of theoretical analysis. The measured efficiency shows improvement in comparison to the conventional CUK rectifier. The measured power factor is 0.99 at full load and also satisfies the International electrotechnical commission standard on harmonics.

VSC transmission limitations imposed by AC system strength and AC impedance characteristics

Abstract: The paper investigates power transmission limitations in a VSC-HVDC system imposed by the ac system's impedance characteristics. An important observation from the study is that the operation of the converter is affected, not only by the magnitude of this impedance (quantified by the Short Circuit Ratio or SCR), but also significantly by its angle. An interesting result is that the larger the resistive component (i.e. impedance angle less than 90°), the larger is the minimum SCR required at the rectifier. The trend at the inverter end is the opposite, and the inverter is able to operate into systems with smaller SCR. Although operation is theoretically possible at the analytically calculated minimum SCRs, the paper shows that as the ac system approaches this value, the gains of the phase locked loop (PLL) used for angle reference generation must be reduced. (6 pages)

An Integrated High-Performance Active Rectifier for Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Systems

Abstract: In this letter, a highly efficient active full-bridge rectifier is proposed for piezoelectric (PE) vibration energy harvesting systems. By replacing the passive diodes with an operational amplifier-controlled active counterpart and adding a switch in parallel with the transducer, the proposed rectifier solves the dc-offset problem of the comparator-based active diode, minimizes the voltage drop along the conduction path, and extracts more power from the transducer, all of which lead to better power extraction and conversion capability. The proposed rectifier, implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology, shows 90% power conversion efficiency and 81 μW output power, with values corresponding to 1.5 times and 3.4 times the values for a conventional full-bridge rectifier.

A Current-Driving Synchronous Rectifier for an LLC Resonant Converter With Voltage-Doubler Rectifier Structure

Abstract: This paper proposes a current-driving scheme for a synchronous rectifier (SR) in an LLC resonant converter with a voltage-doubler rectifier. In the proposed scheme, only one current transformer (CT) with one secondary winding is used to drive two SRs in the voltage-doubler rectifier. Also, the sensed current from the CT can be fed to the output with an energy-recovery circuit. Compared to the conventional center-tapped rectifier, the CT count for the SR drive circuit is reduced, which saves both cost and space. Although the current rating of the SR in the voltage-doubler rectifier is doubled, the voltage rating is well reduced and a lower voltage rating device with lower ON-state resistance can be used to compensate the increased current rating. Furthermore, the SR voltage stress is well clamped to the output voltage under any condition which improves the reliability of the circuit. A prototype with 16 V/5.6 A output was built to verify the theoretical analysis.

Fully Self-Powered Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System With Highly Efficient Dual Rail Output

Abstract: This paper presents a vibration-based energy harvesting system composed of a compact electromagnetic (EM) power generator and highly efficient full-wave interface electronics in a system-on-package. The system harvests energy from ambient vibrations, and delivers a smooth and reliable dual rail DC supply to power up a practical load. The energy harvester module is an in-house double-coil EM transducer which generates AC voltage in response to low frequency ambient vibrations. Voltage regulation is achieved by the interface electronics at the core of the system, which is designed to rectify the input AC voltage with peak amplitude ranging from several hundred mVs to several Volts, with maximum efficiency. The interface electronics contains an active rectifier with high conversion efficiency (>;80%) for a wide range of load currents (0-42 μA). A passive network, built from low threshold-voltage chip diodes and capacitors, generates a dual supply voltage from one of the coils to power up the active rectifier. The autonomous system of 16 cm3 volume (comparable to the size of a C-Type battery), delivers 54 μW to a 37-μA load through a dual rail 1.46 V DC voltage with total system efficiency of 81%, when subjected to low frequency (8 Hz) external vibrations. The maximum overall system power density has been validated to be 6.06 μW/cm3, three times what was previously reported for a batteryless vibration driven system.

Analysis and Design of a High Step-up Current-Fed Multiresonant DC–DC Converter With Low Circulating Energy and Zero-Current Switching for All Active Switches

Abstract: A high-efficiency high step-up current-fed multiresonant converter (CFMRC) is proposed for interfacing the sustainable power sources, such as PV panels and fuel cells, which are characterized by low-voltage high-current output and have strict current ripple requirement. The proposed converter has the features of low input current ripple, low circulating energy, achieving zero-current switching (ZCS) for all active switches, and common ground driving. In order to further improve the efficiency and the power density of the CFMRC, coupled inductor and voltage doubler are applied to the two input inductors and the output rectifier, respectively. The operation principle of the CFMRC is introduced. Its dc voltage gain and the ZCS conditions of both the primary switches and the secondary rectifier are also derived based on the steady-state analysis. Finally, a design guideline is given. The theoretical analysis of the CFMRC was verified on a 150-W prototype. An average efficiency of 95.9% was achieved over the entire maximum power point tracking range (23-38 V), with a 350-V output at full load.

A −32dBm sensitivity RF power harvester in 130nm CMOS

Abstract: This paper discusses a RF power harvester optimized for sensitivity and therefore wireless range, for applications requiring intermittent communication. The RF power harvester produces a 1V output at −32dBm sensitivity and 915MHz. This is achieved using a CMOS rectifier operating in the subthreshold region and an off-chip impedance matching network for boosting the received voltage. Equations predicting the rectifier performance are presented and verified through measurements of multiple rectifiers using different transistors in a 130nm CMOS process.

Dynamic Average Modeling of Front-End Diode Rectifier Loads Considering Discontinuous Conduction Mode and Unbalanced Operation

Abstract: Electric power distribution systems of many commercial and industrial sites often employ variable frequency drives and other loads that internally utilize dc. Such loads are often based on front-end line-commutated rectifiers. The detailed switch-level models of such rectifier systems can be readily implemented using a number of widely available digital programs and transient simulation tools, including the Electromagnetic Transient (EMT)-based programs and Matlab/Simulink. To improve the simulation efficiency for the system-level transient studies with a large number of such subsystems, the so-called dynamic average models have been utilized. This paper presents the average-value modeling methodologies for the conventional three-phase (six-pulse) front-end rectifier loads. We demonstrate the system operation and the dynamic performance of the developed average models in discontinuous and continuous modes, as well as under balanced and unbalanced operation.

A Wireless Magnetic Resonance Energy Transfer System for Micro Implantable Medical Sensors

Abstract: Based on the magnetic resonance coupling principle, in this paper a wireless energy transfer system is designed and implemented for the power supply of micro-implantable medical sensors. The entire system is composed of the in vitro part, including the energy transmitting circuit and resonant transmitter coils, and in vivo part, including the micro resonant receiver coils and signal shaping chip which includes the rectifier module and LDO voltage regulator module. Transmitter and receiver coils are wound by Litz wire, and the diameter of the receiver coils is just 1.9 cm. The energy transfer efficiency of the four-coil system is greatly improved compared to the conventional two-coil system. When the distance between the transmitter coils and the receiver coils is 1.5 cm, the transfer efficiency is 85% at the frequency of 742 kHz. The power transfer efficiency can be optimized by adding magnetic enhanced resonators. The receiving voltage signal is converted to a stable output voltage of 3.3 V and a current of 10 mA at the distance of 2 cm. In addition, the output current varies with changes in the distance. The whole implanted part is packaged with PDMS of excellent biocompatibility and the volume of it is about 1 cm3.

Apparatus and method of protecting power receiver of wireless power transmission system

Abstract: An apparatus and method of protecting a power receiver of a wireless power transmission system are provided. A wireless power receiver includes a rectifier comprising an input and an output, and configured to receive a signal through the input, to rectify the signal to produce a rectified signal, and to output the rectified signal through the output, and a capacitor connected to the output of the rectifier and to ground. The wireless power receiver further includes a direct current-to-direct current (DC/DC) converter connected to the output of the rectifier and to a load, and configured to convert the rectified signal to a power, and to provide the power to the load, and a device configured to create a short circuit to protect the rectifier and/or the capacitor when a voltage greater than a threshold voltage is applied to the input of the rectifier and/or the output of the rectifier.