Showing papers on "Representation (systemics) published in 1984"

Unspeakable Sentences: Narration and Representation in the Language of Fiction

Abstract: Preface Introduction 1. The expression of subjectivity and the sentences of direct and indirect speech 2. The sentence of represented speech and thought 3. Communication and the sentence of discourse 4. The sentences of narration and discourse 5. The sentence representing non-reflective consciousness and the absence of the narrator 6. The historical development of narrative style Conclusion: Narration and representation: the knowledge of the clock and the lens Notes Bibliography Name index Subject index

Direct 2-D display of 3-D objects

Abstract: An approach to the problem of deriving a 2-D display of a 3-D object is described that is quite different from previous methods in that boundary detection and hidden-surface removal are not carried out explicitly. The method uses a scan-line representation of three-dimensional objects.

General multiple-objective decision functions and linguistically quantified statements

Abstract: The concept of linguistically quantified propositions is used to develop a whole family of forms for the representation of multiple-objective decision functions.

Reasoning and Mental Representation

Abstract: Four experiments exploring the effects of the coherence of a mental representation of material on reasoning performance are presented Each employs a simple task that allows most subjects at some stage to solve the problem We postulate that the crucial factor influencing performance is a unified representation of the material In Experiment 1 we use an authorization of a kind familiar in daily life, and in Experiments 2, 3 and 4 we use sentences describing simple objects in different ways In each case performance was enhanced when the material could be given a unified representation

Representation of Tolerances in Solid Modeling: Issues and Alternative Approaches

Abstract: The lack of facilities for representing tolerances and related information is a major deficiency of contemporary solid modelers. This paper discusses the semantics of tolerancing for mechanical parts, with particular emphasis on the problems that arise when the features of physical objects cannot be assumed to have perfect form (e.g., when a machined hole is not perfectly cylindrical). Alternative theoretical approaches are proposed, and the representational implications of each approach are explored.

Dynamic Representation of Multivariate Time Series Data

Abstract: In this article we describe a procedure for representing multivariate time series data by means of interactive, computer-generated dynamic imagery with computer-music accompaniment. This innovation conveys the novel insights that dynamic imagery can provide; yet, the imagery is developed from principles that make the representation useful when examined either statically or dynamically. This is because the development of the dynamic representation is guided by the same perceptual and technical principles used in making a motion picture. The particular implementation we describe is evaluated by a formal psychophysics experiment in which we measure the threshold correlation that can be perceived in our dynamic representation, and in each of three different types of graphical portrayals.

Selecting One Among the Many: A Simple Network Implementing Shifts in Selective Visual Attention

Abstract: This study addresses the question of how simple networks can account for a variety of phenomena associated with the shift of a specialized processing focus across the visual scene. We address in particular aspects of the dichotomy between the preattentive-parallel and the attentive-serial modes of visual perception and their hypothetical neuronal implementations. Specifically, we propose the following: (1) A number of elementary features, such as color, orientation, direction of movement, disparity etc. are represented in parallel in different topographical maps, called the early representation. (2) There exists a selective mapping from this early representation into a more central representation, such that at any instant the central representation contains the properties of only a single location in the visual scene, the {\it selected} location. (3) We discuss some selection rules that determine which location will be mapped into the central representation. The major rule, using the saliency or conspicuity of locations in the early representation, is implemented using a so-called Winner-Take-All network. A hierarchical pyramid--like architecture is proposed for this network. We suggest possible implementations in neuronal hardware, including a possible role for the extensive back-projection form the cortex to the LGN.

Inscribing ethical space: Ten propositions on death, representation, and documentary

Abstract: (1984). Inscribing ethical space: Ten propositions on death, representation, and documentary. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 283-300.

Representation and Recall in Infancy

Abstract: A pervasive part of the Piagetian legacy is the belief that fundamental changes in the representation of knowledge occur over the course of development. The most dramatic shift in the representational system is said to take place at the end of infancy (the sensorimotor period). This shift can be understood as a change from merely knowing how to also knowing that. In other words, it is a shift from a procedural to a declarative form of representation (J. Mandler, 1983). As conceived by Piaget, the infant has no representation of the world other than sets of motor and perceptual procedures, that is, mechanisms for acting and for recognizing things. Altogether lacking, in this view, are sets of concepts about the world, gathered together into categories or other abstract formats and accessible to thought independently of familiar recognitory or motor routines.

The English Auxiliary System: A Lexical-Functional Analysis

Abstract: The nature of the auxiliary system in English has drawn much attention in the past fifteen years because it involve fundamental issues in linguistic theory, such as categories and the nature of levels of representation. This article presents an analysis of the English auxiliary system within the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar (cf. Bresnan 1982c). By presenting explicit representations and explicit rules (syntactic and lexical), we find that an analysis incorporating a distinction between Modals and Verbs, in which auxiliaries like have and be belong to one of these categories depending on inflectional properties of particular forms, can explain all the relevant facts about auxiliaries that have appeared in the literature, Explicit analyses for 'irregular' auxiliaries like ought and used to are also provided.*

On differential operators attached to certain representations of classical groups

Abstract: Classification et construction de sous-espaces irreductibles de Sr. Γ-integrales contenant les applications polynomiales ξ. L'operateur differentiel ξ(D). Operateurs differentiels de type arithmetique. Applications aux series de Eisenstein

A note on the representation of scattered fields as a singularity expansion

Abstract: The representation of the electromagnetic field scattered by a perfectly conducting finite-extent scatterer immersed in a lossless medium as a singularity expansion is considered. While the analytic properties of the temporal Laplace transform of the surface currents residing on such an object have received a great deal of attention, the properties of the scattered fields have not. It is shown that the representation of the transform of the scattered field must include an exponential entire function except for observation points in the forward-scattered direction. Explicit time domain representations that are counterpart to the Laplace domain representation are constructed and are shown to embody, in the early time, temporal variation besides that of the damped sinusoidal factors intrinsic to the singularity expansion. An important practical consequence of this more complicated time variation arises in connection with the application of the singularity expansion for target classification purposes and is commented upon herein.

Object Representation, Identification and Positioning from Range Data

Abstract: We review the types of representations (both single level and hierarchical) and the matching algorithms which have been found useful in the design and implementation of a 3-D vision system that can model, identify, and position industrial parts.

A Syntactic Approach to 3-D Object Representation

Abstract: A 3-D object representation scheme which uses surfaces as primitives and grammatical production rules as structural relationship descriptors is proposed. Possible selections of surface primitives are discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the object description method.

Data processing system for floating point data having a variable length exponent part

Abstract: An execution processing device for executing variable length floating-point data of exponent part designated by two or more kinds of representation systems and fixed length floating-point data of exponent part designated by two or more kinds of representation systems, includes a converting circuit which converts the data of various representation systems into a common representation system which is capable of expressing the data in a common data form responsive to an operation mode that is provided to discriminate the various representation systems at the time of reading and operating on the data of the various representation systems stored in a storage unit according to the same load instruction. An arithmetic unit introduces the data converted by said converting circuit into the common representation system, which performs the operation designated by the same instruction, and which produces the operation result as the data of the common representation system. A converting circuit converts the data of the common representation system into said various representation systems to store them in the storage unit responsive to the operation mode at the time of storing the data produced from the arithmetic unit in the storage unit according to the same store instruction.

Criteria for Choosing Representation Languages and Control Regimes for Expert Systems

Abstract: Shells and high-level programming language environments suffer from a number of shortcomings as knowledge engineering tools. We conclude that a variety of knowledge representation formalisms and a variety of controls regimes are needed. In addition guidelines should be provided about when to choose which knowledge representation formalism and which control regime. The guidelines should be based on properties of the task and the domain of the expert system. In order to arrive at these guidelines we first critically review some of the classifications of expert systems in the literature. We then give our own list of criteria. We test this list applying our criteria to a number of existing expert systems. As a caveat, we have not yet made a systematic attempt at correlating the criteria and different knowledge representations formalisms and control regimes, although we make some preliminary remarks throughout the paper.

Gabor representation and Wigner distribution of signals

Abstract: We compare Gabor representation and the Wigner distribution on their merits for the time-frequency description of signals.