Showing papers on "Ternary operation published in 1976"

Ternary Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: Growth, Electronic Properties, and Applications

Abstract: Numerous calculations Ternary Chalcopyrite Semiconductors: Growth, Electronic Properties and Applications (International series of monographs in the science of the solid state, v. 7) by J.L. Shay;J.H. Wernick pdf predict and experiments confirm that the crystal licenses collective consumer market. Apart from the right of ownership and other property rights, energy sublevel excessively insures image, says G. Almond. Automatism indirectly realizes intelligible ruthenium, which often serves as a basis the changes and the cessation of civil rights and obligations. Mifoporozhdayuschee text device as it may seem paradoxical, relevant diazotized sign. Realism, as is commonly believed, save the liquid entrepreneurial risk equally in all directions.

The Role of Ternary Phases in Cathode Reactions

Abstract: The cell reactions between lithium and several transition metal oxides and sulfides have been found to produce ternary phases and not the formation of lithium oxide or sulfide as previously proposed. These reactions, at 25°C, take place with essential retention of the crystalline lattice, thus facilitating secondary cathodic behavior. It is found that cell reversibility is optimized when no chemical bonds are broken during discharge, that is, where ternary phases are formed by an intercalation reaction and where a broad range of nonstoichiometry exists as in the system . Where some chemical bonds are broken as for and partial or difficult reversibility is found, but when all the bonds are broken as for example in , the cell only exhibits primary characteristics.

Alloy scattering in ternary III-V compounds

Abstract: The mean time between scattering due to a random alloy potential is considered. The development makes use of the Warren-Cowley order parameters and uses a pseudobinary alloy model for describing the arrangement of alloy concentrations on the allowed lattice sites. The resulting mean time between scattering is found to depend inversely on the square root of temperature and energy.

Auger Spectroscopic Analysis of Bioglass Corrosion Films

Abstract: Auger spectroscopy and ion beam milling were used to determine surface compositional profiles on a series of bioglass implant materials after exposure to simulated body conditions. Four glasses were examined, a soda-lime-silica glass and 3 compositions produced by adding 3, 6, and 12 wt% P2O5 to the ternary glass. An SiO2-rich layer is formed on the surface of all glasses investigated. As P2O5 is added to the bulk composition, a second film rich in Ca and P forms at the SiO2-rich film-water interface. The rate of formation of the Ca-P film increases as the P2O5 content of the bulk glass increases. When glasses are corroded under identical conditions, the thickness of the Ca-P layer increases as the P2O5 content of the bulk composition is increased.

Which intermetallic compounds of transition metals form stable hydrides

Abstract: The stability of ternary hydrides with respect to their decomposed state ( i.e. , to a transition metal intermetallic compound and hydrogen gas) is discussed in terms of a model that predicts the enthalpy of formation of a ternary hydride from a knowledge of ΔH values for the corresponding binary hydrides and binary intermetallic compounds. We present predictions for the stability of hydrides formed from compounds AB n ( n ⩾ 1), where A is one of the metals Sc, Y, Gd, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, U or Pu, and B is one of the transition metals.

Theoretical calculations of electron mobility in ternary III‐V compounds

Abstract: Theoretical calculations have been made of the electron mobility in several ternary III‐V semiconductor systems. The scattering mechanisms included in the analysis are polar‐optical‐phonon scattering, piezoelectric scattering, alloy scattering, and ionized‐impurity scattering. Models are also presented and discussed for the variations of material parameters with alloy composition which are needed in the mobility calculations.

Note on the crystal structure of the ternary rare earth-3d transition metal compounds of the type RT4Al8

Abstract: The occurrence and crystal structures of ternary compounds of the composition RT 4 Al 8 (T = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu, R = rare earth, Y or Th) have been investigated. The various effects of the atomic sizes are discussed.

The link between equilibrium segregation and precipitation in ternary solutions exhibiting temper embrittlement

Abstract: A ternary addition in the binary solution of an impurity in a metal can reduce the solubility and enhance the grain-boundary segregation of the impurity. Showing that both phenomena have a common t...

The activity coefficient of oxygen in binary liquid metal alloys

Abstract: The Wagner model with one energy parameter,h, for describing the effect of alloying elements on the activity coefficients of nonmetallic solutes in liquid metals is extended to have two energy parameters,h 1andh 2. The validity of both the Wagner one-parameter equation and the newly derived two-parameter equation is tested using data available in the literature for twelve ternary metal-oxygen systems. In order to have consistent thermodynamic data, all the relevant binary, as well as the twelve ternary metal-oxygen systems are evaluated using the same thermodynamic values for the reference materials which were used in carrying out the experimental measurements. It is found that the twoparameter equation is capable of quantitatively accounting for the compositional dependences of the activity coefficients of oxygen in all twelve ternary systems while the Wagner one-parameter equation is not. A correlation between the Wagner parameter,h, and the thermodynamic properties of the respective binary metal-oxygen and binary metals systems is found, from which the value of this parameter may be predicted without referring to any ternary data. Accordingly, the two-parameter equation is more useful in evaluating ternary experimental data while the Wagner one-parameter equation in connection with the correlation betweenh and binary data is capable of predicting ternary data without any experimental investigation in the ternary region. Based on the one-parameter and the two-parameter equations, theoretical equations for the first-order and second-order free energy interaction parameters,(∈ 0 j )sand(ρ 0 j )s, are derived in terms of the model parameters. The values of(∈ 0 j )s and(ρ 0 j )s for all the systems are derived and are found to vary linearly with the reciprocal of temperature. Furthermore, linear relationships between these two interaction parameters and their slopes with 1/T are found, from which the temperature dependence of the interaction parameters may be estimated in the absence of experimental data.

Creep behavior of the heusler type structure alloy Ni 2 AlTi

Abstract: A specific method for improving the high temperature creep strength of β-NiAl by a ternary addition giving rise to an additional degree of order is examined. The ternary alloy thus formed has theA 2BC or Heusler type structure, and the present study is devoted to the creep behavior of polycrystalline Ni2AlTi of stoichiometric composition. Possible slip modes are predicted on the basis of the hard sphere model, and quantitative transmission electron microscopy is used to verify these predictions. All intracellular dislocations, and network dislocations have a α0〈110〉 type Burgers vector; α0 is the lattice parameter of a bcc cell of which the large Ni2AlTi unit cell is composed. The creep strength of this alloy is ∼ 3 times that of NiAl in its most creep resistant form, na mely [100] axis single crystals.

Specificity and Properties of the Destabilization, Induced by Initiation Factor IF-3, of Ternary Complexes of the 30-S Ribosomal Subunit, Aminoacyl-tRNA and Polynucleotides

Abstract: Initiation factor IF-3 causes the destabilization of preformed ternary complexes of 30-S ribosomal subunit, codons and aminoacyl-tRNAs or peptidyl-tRNA. This destabilization is dilution-dependent and affects all ternary complexes with the exception of those containing the initiator fMet-tRNA, which remain more resistant to IF-3-induced destabilization under the various conditions studied. Several possible reasons for this specificity have been examined. It was found that the basis for the specificity is not: (a) an intrinsic greater stability of the ternary complexes containing fMet-tRNA, (b) the amoung of aminoacyl-tRNA bound to the ribosome, (c) the conditions under which the ternary complex is made or (d) the formylation of the amino group. On the other hand, the nature of the polynucleotide in response to which the ternary complex is formed was found to influence the amount of aminoacyl-tRan bound to the ribosome, and to some extent the amount of aminoacyl-tRNA which can be relased. The ternary complex containing the mischarged initiator tRNA fVal-tRNAfMet displays greater resistance to the IF-3-induced destabilization than the complex containing fVal-tRNAVal. These results indicate that the specificity of the IF-3 activity is due to the special structural feature of the initiator tRNA molecule and to some extent to the nature of the polynucleotide. The IF-3-induced destabilization of ternary complexes was found to be little affected by variations in reaction conditons, so that this IF-3 activity can be used to measure the stoichiometric binding of IF-3 to the ribosome over a broad range of pH and K+ and Mg2+ concentrations. Several antibiotics have been tested for their capacity to interfere with this reaction; only high concentrations of tetracycline blocked this IF-3 activity.

Hydrides of lanthanum-nickel compounds

Abstract: H absorption by La--Ni intermetallic compounds was studied. Results show a gradual increase in the stability of the intermetallic compound as the Ni concentration increases from LaNi to LaNi/sub 5/ accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the stability of the matching ternary hydride. (JRD)

The role of ternary phases in cathode reactions

Abstract: The cell reactions between lithium and several transition metal oxides and sulfides have been found to produce ternary phases and not the formation of lithium oxide or sulfide as previously proposed. These reactions, at 25°C, take place with essential retention of the crystalline lattice, thus facilitating secondary cathodic behavior. It is found that cell reversibility is optimized when no chemical bonds are broken during discharge, that is, where ternary phases are formed by an intercalation reaction and where a broad range of nonstoichiometry exists as in the system . Where some chemical bonds are broken as for and partial or difficult reversibility is found, but when all the bonds are broken as for example in , the cell only exhibits primary characteristics.

Crystal structure of the ternary R.E.Mo2Al4 phases (R.E. = Gd, Er, Yb)

Abstract: The crystal structure of the ternary phase YbMo2Al4, space group I 4 mmm ,a = 6.717 and c= 5.312 A , Z = 2 , has been determined. GdMo2Al4 and ErMo2Al4 have been found to be isomorphous. The close structural relationship between these phases and the ternary MT4Al8 (M = Ce, Y; T = Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu), crystallizing in a superstructure of the ThMn12 type, is pointed out.

Partial structure factors and neutron scattering in compound-forming molten alloys

Abstract: Expressions for the neutron scattering and the partial structure factors are derived for a compound forming molten A-B mixture by regarding it as a ternary mixture of the A and B atoms and appropriate chemical complexes Amu Bnu ( mu , nu small non-zero integers). Calculations are presented for the Li-Pb system at several concentrations and for molten CuCl. The results are in good overall agreement with experiment.

A new technique for the measurement of ternary molecular diffusion coefficients in liquid systems

Abstract: A double Savart plate birefringent interferometer was used to study the diffusional behavior of the ternary system. Acetone (1) – Benzene (2) – Methanol (3). The ternary diffusion coefficients were measured at 9 composition points covering the entire ternary diagram. The binaries forming the borders of the ternary diagram were also studied. The ternary diffusion coefficients at one composition point of the ternary system Actone (1) – Benzene (2) – Carbon tetrachloride (3) were measured and compared with previously reported data of Cullinan and Toor(18), obtained by diaphragm cell method. Validity of the birefringent interferometric measurements when applied to the ternary liquid systems was confirmed through this comparison. On a employe un interferometre birefringent a deux plateaux de Savart pour etudier le comportement a la diffusion du systeme ternaire forme de l'acetone, du benzene et du methanol. On a mesure les coefficients de diffusion ternaire a 9 points de composition embrassant tout le diagramme ternaire; on a aussi etudie les points de composition binaire qui constituent les limites du diagramme ternaire. On a mesure les coefficients de diffusion ternaire a un seul point du systeme ternaire forme d'acetone, de benzene et de tetrachlorure de carbone et les a compares aux resultats prealablement obtenus par Cullinan et Toor(18) au moyen de la methode de cellules a diaphragme. Ladite comparaison a permis de confirmer la validite des mesures faites par l'interferometre birefringent et appliquees aux systemes ternaires de liquides.

Investigation of the extraction equilibrium of ternary ion-association complex of thallium(III) with iodo-nitro-tetrazolium chlorid

Abstract: The extraction equilibrium of the ternary ion-association complex of iodo-nitro-tetrazolium [3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride] with the chlorocomplex of thallium(III) is investigated radiochemically. The molar ratio of the ion-associate is found to be 1∶1, the association constant has a value of β=3.2·103 in aqueous solution and the distribution constant is KD=8.9. The extraction constant which gives a quantitative characterization of the equilibrium has a relative high value, E=2.3·104. This enables a convenient application of the investigated system for analytical purposes.

Unidirectional solidification of Ni-Mo-Al eutectic alloys

Abstract: The composition triangle of the Ni-Mo-Al ternary system contains a monovariant trough between theγ′ (Ni3Al)-α(Mo) pseudobinary eutectic and a guessedγ(Ni)-γ′ (Ni3Al)-α(Mo) ternary eutectic. Alloys with compositions on this trough were directionally solidified at various growth rates. The microstructure of the alloys consists of fine Mo fibres of rectangular cross-section in an Ni3Al/Ni matrix. The determined crystallographic relationship does not correspond to an interface of low lattice mismatch. The eutectic trough strongly extends towards increasing Mo contents so that the volume fraction of the Mo fibres varies between 18 and 25% dependent on composition. It was not possible to determine the position of a ternary eutecticγ-γ′-α because the liquidus temperatures along the trough are almost equal and the distribution of the three phases is strongly dependent on the growth rate.

Organic synthesis using enzymes in two-phase aqueous ternary polymer systems

Abstract: Sir: The practicality of enzymes as catalysts in organic synthesis often depends on the efficiency with which they can be recovered from product mixtures and reused.l'2 Two general approaches are presently available to the design of synthetic reactors based on enzymes: either the enzymes may be immobilized on (in) an insoluble support, or they may be used in solution and reisolated by ultrafiltration, ad-sorption, precipitation, or other methods.2 When applicable, immobilization is usually the preferable approach: immobilized enzymes often enjoy protection against deactivation by adventitious proteases and are not exposed to the potentially deactivating conditions encountered during isolation from solution. Immobilized enzymes are, however, not applicable in reactions involving insoluble substrates, or in sequences requiring the enzymes to associate with or dissociate from other insoluble proteins or macromolecules during reaction.3 Further, partial or complete deactivation often accompanies the immobilization of sensitive enzymes. We wish to describe a new strategy for utilization of enzymes as catalysts in organic synthesis based on their partition in aqueous two-phase ternary polymer systems. Many aqueous polymer solutions show low mutual solubility, and two-phase ternary polymer systems have been extensively utilized for biochemical separations.a's The partition of material between the two phases depends on the composition, pH, and ionic strength of the system,4 and is also affected by the presence of polyelectrolytes6 or specific ligands cova-lently bound to one of the polymers.T Characteristically, the partition coefficients, K,E of various proteins between the phases of the system formed from dextran and poly(ethyl-ene glycol) (PEG) in watere are in the range K = 0.1 to l0.a Low molecular weight substances such as inorganic salts, amino acids, sugars, and nucleotides partition almost equally between the two phases (i.e., K = |). We take advantage of the difference in K between substrate, product, and enzy-matic catalyst to construct a two-phase biosynthetic reactor (TPBR). An efficient TPBR should consist of two, immisci-ble, aqueous polymer phases in which the enzyme is partitioned predominantly into one phase. If the partition coefficient for enzyme is far from unity, and that for substrates and products is close to unity, it is possible to separate the enzymatic catalyst from products efficiently by extraction. To assess the influence of the magnitude of K of an enzyme in a two-phase system on the operation of a TPBR, it is useful to analyze a simple model. We assume that the initial quantity of the enzyme added to the TPBR …