Showing papers on "Thermoelectric effect published in 2022"
TL;DR: Su et al. as mentioned in this paper found that doping tin selenide with chlorine and lead substantially improved the thermoelectric figure of merit over a wide temperature range, mainly due to an improvement in the material's deformation potential related to mass and strain fluctuations introduced into the n-type material.
Abstract: Thermoelectric materials allow for direct conversion between heat and electricity, offering the potential for power generation. The average dimensionless figure of merit ZTave determines device efficiency. N-type tin selenide crystals exhibit outstanding three-dimensional charge and two-dimensional phonon transport along the out-of-plane direction, contributing to a high maximum figure of merit Zmax of ~3.6 × 10−3 per kelvin but a moderate ZTave of ~1.1. We found an attractive high Zmax of ~4.1 × 10−3 per kelvin at 748 kelvin and a ZTave of ~1.7 at 300 to 773 kelvin in chlorine-doped and lead-alloyed tin selenide crystals by phonon-electron decoupling. The chlorine-induced low deformation potential improved the carrier mobility. The lead-induced mass and strain fluctuations reduced the lattice thermal conductivity. Phonon-electron decoupling plays a critical role to achieve high-performance thermoelectrics. Description A material with high potential Thermoelectic materials convert heat to electricity and are attractive for energy generation or solid-state cooling. Su et al. found that doping tin selenide with chlorine and lead substantially improved the thermoelectric figure of merit over a wide temperature range. This effect was mostly due to an improvement in the material’s deformation potential related to mass and strain fluctuations introduced into the n-type material. Improving the figure of merit in this way is challenging because properties are often intertwined and trying to improve one will often degrade others. —BG Doping tin selenide with lead and chlorine results in a material with high thermoelectric efficiency over a broad temperature range.
118 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive and realistic perspective of the state of the technology is presented in this article , where the feasibility of integrating thermoelectric generators into different systems and applications, and eventually, an in-depth analysis with recommendations for future studies is provided.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a method for the optimization of thermoelectric properties by introducing strong grain boundary scattering of low-frequency phonons in bulk nanostructures.
Abstract: Bulk nanostructuring has been one of the leading strategies employed in the past decade for the optimization of thermoelectric properties by introducing strong grain boundary scattering of low-frequency phonons. However,...
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive and realistic perspective of the state-of-the-art thermoelectric generator technologies and their application in modern-day energy conversion systems for which reliability and scalability are the two most desired features.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present the latest progress on the up-to-the-date flexible thermoelectric devices (F-TEDs) with their unique designs.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the progress of state-of-the-art on-chip thermoelectric coolers and summarizes the related fundamentals, materials, designs, and system logic are reviewed.
Abstract: Compared with traditional active cooling methods, thermoelectric coolers are more accessible to be integrated with electronics as an effective thermal management solution due to their reliability, silence, compatibility, and controllability. Considering the rapid development of processors and chips in electronics, this work comprehensively reviews the progress of state-of-the-art on-chip thermoelectric coolers and summarizes the related fundamentals, materials, designs, and system logic. Particularly, we highlight on-chip thermoelectric coolers with self-cooling design and on-demand requirement. In the end, we point out current challenges and opportunities for future improvement of designs, performance, and applications of on-chip thermoelectric coolers.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors summarized the latest progress of thermoelectric materials and devices and discussed multiple strategies for improving the performance of TE materials via regulating carriers and phonons.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the latest progress of thermoelectric materials and devices and discussed multiple strategies for improving the performance of TE materials via regulating carriers and phonons.
75 citations
70 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the electronic properties of n-type Mg3.2Bi1.5Sb0.5 material are maximized via delicate microstructural design with the aim of eliminating the thermal grain boundary resistance, eventually leading to a high zT above 1 over a broad temperature range from 323 K to 423 K.
Abstract: Although the thermoelectric effect was discovered around 200 years ago, the main application in practice is thermoelectric cooling using the traditional Bi2Te3. The related studies of new and efficient room-temperature thermoelectric materials and modules have, however, not come to fruition yet. In this work, the electronic properties of n-type Mg3.2Bi1.5Sb0.5 material are maximized via delicate microstructural design with the aim of eliminating the thermal grain boundary resistance, eventually leading to a high zT above 1 over a broad temperature range from 323 K to 423 K. Importantly, we further demonstrated a great breakthrough in the non-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module, coupled with the high-performance p-type α-MgAgSb, for room-temperature power generation and thermoelectric cooling. A high conversion efficiency of ~2.8% at the temperature difference of 95 K and a maximum temperature difference of 56.5 K are experimentally achieved. If the interfacial contact resistance is further reduced, our non-Bi2Te3 module may rival the long-standing champion commercial Bi2Te3 system. Overall, this work represents a substantial step towards the real thermoelectric application using non-Bi2Te3 materials and devices.
65 citations
TL;DR: The structural, elastic, mechanical, magneto-electronic and thermoelectric properties of Cs2AgFeCl6 lead-free halide double perovskite have been extracted and explored by a cohesive analysis using spin-polarized Density Functional Theory (DFT) associated with Boltzmann transport scheme as discussed by the authors .
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate cheap polycrystalline antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery within 600 K than conventional tellurides, enabled by a design of Ni/Fe/Mg3SbBi and Ni/Sb/CdSb contacts.
Abstract: Low-grade heat accounts for >50% of the total dissipated heat sources in industries. An efficient recovery of low-grade heat into useful electricity not only reduces the consumption of fossil-fuels but also releases the subsequential environmental-crisis. Thermoelectricity offers an ideal solution, yet low-temperature efficient materials have continuously been limited to Bi2Te3-alloys since the discovery in 1950s. Scarcity of tellurium and the strong property anisotropy cause high-cost in both raw-materials and synthesis/processing. Here we demonstrate cheap polycrystalline antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery within 600 K than conventional tellurides. This is enabled by a design of Ni/Fe/Mg3SbBi and Ni/Sb/CdSb contacts for both a prevention of chemical diffusion and a low interfacial resistivity, realizing a record and stable module efficiency at a temperature difference of 270 K. In addition, the raw-material cost to the output power ratio in this work is reduced to be only 1/15 of that of conventional Bi2Te3-modules.
TL;DR: Yang et al. as discussed by the authors reported a series of high-performance p-type ductile thermoelectric materials based on the composition-performance phase diagram in AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions.
Abstract: Flexible thermoelectrics provide a different solution for developing portable and sustainable flexible power supplies. The discovery of silver sulfide–based ductile semiconductors has driven a shift in the potential for flexible thermoelectrics, but the lack of good p-type ductile thermoelectric materials has restricted the reality of fabricating conventional cross-plane π-shaped flexible devices. We report a series of high-performance p-type ductile thermoelectric materials based on the composition-performance phase diagram in AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, with high figure-of-merit values (0.45 at 300 kelvin and 0.68 at 340 kelvin) compared with other flexible thermoelectric materials. We further demonstrate thin and flexible π-shaped devices with a maximum normalized power density that reaches 30 μW cm−2 K−2. This output is promising for the use of flexible thermoelectrics in wearable electronics. Description A flexible power source Thermoelectric materials can harvest heat and turn it into power. Heat sources potentially include the heat generated by humans through wearable devices and might enable self-powering systems, but the lack of ductility for most thermoelectrics poses a major problem. Yang et al. found a thermoelectric silver/copper–based semiconductor that also is ductile (see the Perspective by Hou and Zhu). This material allows for a thin, flexible device capable of producing power, even when adhered to a wrist. —BG A flexible thermoelectric was developed from a silver/copper–based semiconductor that can be fashioned into a thin device.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors have developed a highly reliable Mg2Cu contact layer for thermoelectric cooling modules based on high-performance Mg3(Bi,Sb)2 and achieved a maximum cooling temperature (ΔTmax of 76 K), maximum efficiency of performance (COP of 8), and a long serving time lasting more than 6 months.
TL;DR: In this paper , a systematic understanding and guideline for self-powered thermoelectric personal thermal management (PTM) is presented, where both highperformance flexible materials and proper device designs are pointed out.
Abstract: With the ever‐increasing demand for wearable electronics and energy‐saving technologies, self‐powered thermoelectric personal thermal management (PTM) has attracted extensive research interest. In this review, the unique characteristics of thermoelectric PTM comparing with other technologies are first highlighted, and the key parameters and fundamental functions of thermoelectric PTM are systematically summarized. Then, the advances in thermoelectric PTM are overviewed from the material design to the wearable device design viewpoints. Finally, the key challenges and future research directions of thermoelectric PTM, where both high‐performance flexible materials and proper device designs are in urgent need, are pointed out. This review will deliver a systematic understanding and guideline for thermoelectric PTM.
TL;DR: Although Ga doping can weaken the electron phonon coupling of n-type PbTe, Ga-doped pbTe has a relatively low carrier concentration (n) and high lattice thermal conductivity (κlat), resulting in a... as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Although Ga doping can weaken the electron phonon coupling of n-type PbTe, Ga-doped PbTe has a relatively low carrier concentration (n) and high lattice thermal conductivity (κlat), resulting in a...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced Ag2Te into n-type Pb0.975Cr0.025Te for achieving a high peak figure of merit of 1.5 at 773 K. This high value is attributed to the synergistic optimization of carrier and phonon transports by introducing and the dynamic doping of Ag.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors demonstrate cheap polycrystalline antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery within 600 K than conventional tellurides, enabled by a design of Ni/Fe/Mg3SbBi and Ni/Sb/CdSb contacts.
Abstract: Low-grade heat accounts for >50% of the total dissipated heat sources in industries. An efficient recovery of low-grade heat into useful electricity not only reduces the consumption of fossil-fuels but also releases the subsequential environmental-crisis. Thermoelectricity offers an ideal solution, yet low-temperature efficient materials have continuously been limited to Bi2Te3-alloys since the discovery in 1950s. Scarcity of tellurium and the strong property anisotropy cause high-cost in both raw-materials and synthesis/processing. Here we demonstrate cheap polycrystalline antimonides for even more efficient thermoelectric waste-heat recovery within 600 K than conventional tellurides. This is enabled by a design of Ni/Fe/Mg3SbBi and Ni/Sb/CdSb contacts for both a prevention of chemical diffusion and a low interfacial resistivity, realizing a record and stable module efficiency at a temperature difference of 270 K. In addition, the raw-material cost to the output power ratio in this work is reduced to be only 1/15 of that of conventional Bi2Te3-modules.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors introduced Ag 2 Te nanoprecipitates into n-type Pb 0.975 Cr 0.025 Te for achieving a high peak figure of merit of 1.5 at 773 K.
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes the recent progress made in atomic defect engineering, carrier tuning, and band engineering down to a nanoscale regime and how it relates to the growth and fabrication of high-quality Bi2Te3-based films.
Abstract: Bi2Te3‐based materials are not only the most important and widely used room temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials but are also canonical examples of topological insulators in which the topological surface states are protected by the time‐reversal symmetry. High‐performance thin films based on Bi2Te3 have attracted worldwide attention during the past two decades due primarily to their outstanding TE performance as highly efficient TE coolers and as miniature and flexible TE power generators for a variety of electronic devices. Moreover, intriguing topological phenomena, such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological superconductivity discovered in Bi2Te3‐based thin films and heterostructures, have shaped research directions in the field of condensed matter physics. In Bi2Te3‐based films and heterostructures, delicate control of the carrier transport, film composition, and microstructure are prerequisites for successful device operations as well as for experimental verification of exotic topological phenomena. This review summarizes the recent progress made in atomic defect engineering, carrier tuning, and band engineering down to a nanoscale regime and how it relates to the growth and fabrication of high‐quality Bi2Te3‐based films. The review also briefly discusses the physical insight into the exciting field of topological phenomena that were so dramatically realized in Bi2Te3‐ and Bi2Se3‐based structures. It is expected that Bi2Te3‐based thin films and heterostructures will play an ever more prominent role as flexible TE devices collecting and converting low‐level (body) heat into electricity for numerous electronic applications. It is also likely that such films will continue to be a remarkable platform for the realization of novel topological phenomena.
TL;DR: In this paper , the electronic properties of n-type Mg3.2Bi1.5Sb0.5 material are maximized via delicate microstructural design with the aim of eliminating the thermal grain boundary resistance, eventually leading to a high zT above 1 over a broad temperature range from 323 K to 423 K.
Abstract: Although the thermoelectric effect was discovered around 200 years ago, the main application in practice is thermoelectric cooling using the traditional Bi2Te3. The related studies of new and efficient room-temperature thermoelectric materials and modules have, however, not come to fruition yet. In this work, the electronic properties of n-type Mg3.2Bi1.5Sb0.5 material are maximized via delicate microstructural design with the aim of eliminating the thermal grain boundary resistance, eventually leading to a high zT above 1 over a broad temperature range from 323 K to 423 K. Importantly, we further demonstrated a great breakthrough in the non-Bi2Te3 thermoelectric module, coupled with the high-performance p-type α-MgAgSb, for room-temperature power generation and thermoelectric cooling. A high conversion efficiency of ~2.8% at the temperature difference of 95 K and a maximum temperature difference of 56.5 K are experimentally achieved. If the interfacial contact resistance is further reduced, our non-Bi2Te3 module may rival the long-standing champion commercial Bi2Te3 system. Overall, this work represents a substantial step towards the real thermoelectric application using non-Bi2Te3 materials and devices.
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive review of thermoelectric-assisted related materials and their medical devices is presented, and the challenges and future directions on medication-related thermolectrics are discussed.
TL;DR: The significant progress of state-of-the-art thermoelectric coolers is comprehensively summarized and the related aspects of materials, fundamental design, heat sinks, and structures, are overviewed.
Abstract: Owing to the free of noise, mechanical component, working fluid, and chemical reaction, thermoelectric cooling is regarded as a suitable solution to address the greenhouse emission for the broad cooling scenarios. Here, the significant progress of state-of-the-art thermoelectric coolers is comprehensively summarized and the related aspects of materials, fundamental design, heat sinks, and structures, are overviewed. Particularly, the usage of thermoelectric coolers in smart city, greenhouse, and personal and chip thermal management is highlighted. In the end, current challenges and future opportunities for further improvement of designs, performance, and applications of thermoelectric coolers are pointed out.
TL;DR: In this paper , the effect of the structural parameters of the TEG on the system efficiency was examined, and an optimal structural parameter (the ratio of the cross-sectional ratio to the height) with the value of 0.36 mm−1 was found for the thermoelectric generator.
TL;DR: In this paper, a fluid-thermal-electric multiphysics numerical model is presented to predict the performance of a thermoelectric generator system applied in automobile waste heat recovery.
TL;DR: In this paper , a solvothermal synthetic environmental design was proposed to fabricate super-large and micro-nanoporous Sn0.965Se microplates by using CrCl3.
Abstract: SnSe is challenging to use in thermoelectric devices due to difficulties in simultaneously optimizing its thermoelectric and mechanical properties. Here, the authors show a unique solvothermal synthetic environmental design to fabricate super‐large and micro/nanoporous Sn0.965Se microplates by using CrCl3. Cl− ions to trigger Sn‐vacancy formation and optimize the hole concentration to ≈3 × 1019 cm−3, while the as‐formed Cr(OH)3 colloidal precipitations act as “templates” to achieve micro/nanoporous features, leading to low lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.2 W m−1 K−1 in the as‐sintered polycrystal, contributing to a high ZT of ≈2.4 at 823 K and an average ZT of ≈1.1. Of particular note, the polycrystal exhibits high hardness (≈2.26 GPa) and compression strength (≈109 MPa), strengthened by grain refinement and vacancy‐induced lattice distortions and dislocations; while a single‐leg device provides a stable output power (>100 mW) and conversion efficiency of ≈10% by a temperature difference of 425 K, indicating great potential for applying to practical thermoelectric devices.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of different bionic channel structures (angular frequency ω = 20, 25, and 30 rad/s; amplitude A = 1, 2, and 3 mm; and phase shift α = 0°, 90°, and 180°) on the power generation characteristics were studied experimentally.
TL;DR: In this paper , a solid-state active cooling method for microchips is proposed, which possesses great potential for localized cooling with the advantages of noise free, vibration-free, maintenance-free and liquid media-free.
TL;DR: In this article, a novel high-entropy perovskite-type (Ca0.2Sr 0.2Ba 0.3m) TiO3 (CSBLP) ceramics with cubic structure of Pm-3m space group were successful prepared by solid-state reaction method.
TL;DR: In this paper, Density functional theory has been used to study the structural, chemical bonding, electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermoelectric properties of Cs2AgCrX6 and Cs 2AgCrI6.