A. Khalatyan

TL;DR: A central question in galaxy evolution is the degree to which this process has caused the decline of star formation in large elliptical galaxies, which typically have little cold gas and few young stars, unlike spiral galaxies.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors combined the precise parallaxes and optical photometry delivered by Gaia's second data release with the photometric catalogues of Pan-STARRS1, 2MASS, and AllWISE, and derived Bayesian stellar parameters, distances, and extinctions for 265 million of the 285 million objects brighter than G ǫ = 18.

TL;DR: The 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST), a new high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the four-metres-class Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) at Paranal, is introduced.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code gadget-2 to simulate the formation of an elliptical galaxy in a group-size cosmological dark matter halo with mass Mhalo ≥ 3 × 1012 h−1 m⊙ at z= 0.

TL;DR: The 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) as mentioned in this paper is a high-multiplex, wide-field spectroscopic survey facility under development for the VISTA at Paranal.